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Anita Boelen Endocrine Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Amsterdam Reproduction & Development Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Nitash Zwaveling-Soonawala Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Annemieke C Heijboer Endocrine Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Amsterdam Reproduction & Development Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Endocrine Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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A S Paul van Trotsenburg Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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sufficient TH concentrations at the cellular level. Therefore, the necessity of TH replacement therapy remains uncertain now, although concentration, energy level and signs of myxoedema of one patient improved after starting T4 replacement therapy, which

Article Type:
Review Article
Collections:
Hypothyroidism
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/ETJ-23-0041
Volume/Issue:
Volume 12: Issue 4
Open access
Cengiz Kara Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Graduate Studies, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Istinye University, Istanbul, Turkey

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Jamala Mammadova Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Altinbas University Medicalpark Bahçelievler Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey

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Ümmet Abur Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Graduate Studies, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey

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Cagri Gumuskaptan Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Graduate Studies, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey

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Elif İzci Güllü Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey

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Ayhan Dağdemir Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Graduate Studies, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey

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Murat Aydın Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey

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high TSH concentration is an appropriate response of the hypothalamic–pituitary axis with reduced sensitivity to thyroid hormone ( 44 ). Likewise, elevated TSH levels in individuals with TSH resistance reflect an appropriately adjusted set point for the

Article Type:
Research Article
Collections:
Hypothyroidism
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/ETJ-22-0212
Volume/Issue:
Volume 12: Issue 3
Open access
Irene Campi Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy

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Marco Dell’Acqua Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy

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Elisa Stellaria Grassi Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy

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Maria Cristina Vigone Department of Paediatrics, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy

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Luca Persani Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy

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antibody is chemically labeled with a tag molecule, which generates a signal directly proportional to the levels of TSH in the sample. The concentration of TSH is then estimated by comparing this signal with that of a standard curve. The most common

Article Type:
Review Article
Collections:
Hypothyroidism
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/ETJ-23-0012
Volume/Issue:
Volume 12: Issue 4
Open access
Camilla Bøgelund Larsen Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Denmark
Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark

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Kristian Hillert Winther Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark

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Per Karkov Cramon Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Åse Krogh Rasmussen Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Ulla Feldt-Rasmussen Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Clinical Sciences, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Nils Jakob Knudsen Department of Endocrinology, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Jakob Bue Bjorner Department of Public Health, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
QualityMetric Inc, Johnston, Lincoln, Rhode Island, USA

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Lutz Schomburg Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany

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Kamil Demircan Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany

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Thilo Samson Chillon Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany

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Jeppe Gram Medical Department, Endocrinology, University Hospital of South-West Jutland, Esbjerg, Denmark

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Stinus Gadegaard Hansen Medical Department, Endocrinology, University Hospital of South-West Jutland, Esbjerg, Denmark

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Frans Brandt Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
Internal Medicine Research Unit, University Hospital of Southern Jutland, Aabenraa, Denmark

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Birte Nygaard Department of Endocrinology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Torquil Watt Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Clinical Sciences, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Laszlo Hegedüs Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Denmark
Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark

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Steen Joop Bonnema Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Denmark
Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark

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, 25 , 26 , 27 ). To optimise the concentration of selenoprotein P, considered one of the most valid biomarkers of the selenium status, serum selenium should be in the range 120–130 μg/L. To reach this level, the required selenium intake is at least

Article Type:
Research Article
Collections:
Hypothyroidism
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/ETJ-23-0175
Volume/Issue:
Volume 13: Issue 1
Open access
Ladan Mehran Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

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Atieh Amouzegar Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

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Hengameh Abdi Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

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Negar Delbari Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

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Elham Madreseh Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

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Maryam Tohidi Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

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Mohammad Ali Mansournia Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

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Fereidoun Azizi Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

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-monitored salt iodization program in Iran: marked reduction in goiter prevalence and eventual normalization of urinary iodine concentrations without alteration in iodine content of salt . J Endocrinol Invest . 2008 May ; 31 ( 5 ): 422 – 31 . http

Article Type:
Research Article
Collections:
Hypothyroidism
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1159/000512665
Volume/Issue:
Volume 10: Issue 5
Free access
Georgios K. Markantes Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Patras Medical School, Patras, Greece

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Konstantinos Dimitropoulos Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Patras Medical School, Patras, Greece

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Irene Mamali Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Patras Medical School, Patras, Greece

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Ioulia Tseti Uni-Pharma S.A., Athens, Greece

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George Sakellaropoulos Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece

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Kostas B. Markou Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Patras Medical School, Patras, Greece

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Marina A. Michalaki Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Patras Medical School, Patras, Greece

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thereafter. They were also instructed not to take their LT4 preparation before blood sampling on the scheduled visits for thyroid hormone measurements. We set the therapeutic target range of TSH levels at 0.45–4.12 mIU/L [ 8 ], since Greece is an iodine

Article Type:
Research Article
Collections:
Hypothyroidism
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1159/000508216
Volume/Issue:
Volume 10: Issue 1
Free access
Jacqueline Jonklaas Division of Endocrinology, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA

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Antonio C. Bianco Section of Adult and Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA

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Anne R. Cappola Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA

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Francesco S. Celi Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA

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Eric Fliers Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Heike Heuer Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany

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Elizabeth A. McAninch Division of Endocrinology, Rush University, Chicago, Illinois, USA

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Lars C. Moeller Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany

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Birte Nygaard Center for Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Herlev and Gentofte Hospitals, Herlev, Denmark

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Anna M. Sawka Division of Endocrinology, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

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Torquil Watt Department of Endocrinology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Colin M. Dayan Thyroid Research Group, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom

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more particularly fT3. Immunoassays commonly used for measuring both fT3 and T3 are more inaccurate than less commonly used tandem mass spectrometry assays [ 72 ], and tend to overestimate T3 levels at low concentrations. T3 levels are affected by

Article Type:
Guideline
Collections:
Hypothyroidism
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1159/000512970
Volume/Issue:
Volume 10: Issue 1
Free access
Salman Razvi Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom

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Bronia Arnott Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom

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Dawn Teare Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom

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Shaun Hiu Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom

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Nicki O’Brien Department of Psychology, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom

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Simon H. Pearce Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom

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Introduction Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) is a mild form of thyroid failure diagnosed when serum TSH levels are high and circulating thyroid hormones are within the reference range [ 1 , 2 ]. The prevalence of SCH increases with age and

Article Type:
Research Article
Collections:
Hypothyroidism
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1159/000509228
Volume/Issue:
Volume 10: Issue 4
Free access
Solène Castellnou Hospices Civils de Lyon, Groupement Hospitalier Est, Fédération d’Endocrinologie, Bron, France

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Patricia Bretones Service d’Endocrinologie Pédiatrique, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Groupement Hospitalier Est, Bron, France

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Juliette Abeillon Hospices Civils de Lyon, Groupement Hospitalier Est, Fédération d’Endocrinologie, Bron, France

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Myriam Moret Hospices Civils de Lyon, Groupement Hospitalier Est, Fédération d’Endocrinologie, Bron, France

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Pauline Perrin Centre de Biologie et de Pathologie Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Groupement Hospitalier Est, LBMMS, Bron, France

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Karim Chikh Centre de Biologie et de Pathologie Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Groupement Hospitalier Sud, LBMMS, Saint Genis Laval, France

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Véronique Raverot Centre de Biologie et de Pathologie Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Groupement Hospitalier Est, LBMMS, Bron, France

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Established Facts Maternal TSH receptor-blocking antibodies (TBAbs) are a known cause of transient congenital hypothyroidism. Novel Insights Congenital hypothyroidism due to TBAbs can occur in case of a normal concentration

Article Type:
Case Report
Collections:
Hypothyroidism
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1159/000509015
Volume/Issue:
Volume 10: Issue 2
Free access