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, are among the vulnerable groups and are estimated to have insufficient intake of iodine from the total school-age children, 58 million of them are living in African ( 11 ). The global control of iodine deficiency through a universal salt iodization
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. Today, despite increased salt iodization programs on a global scale, approximately 2 billion people worldwide are classified as having ‘iodine’ deficiency and about 50 million develop clinical symptoms ( 3 ). Changing dietary habits worldwide are partly
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Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Department of Internal Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital – Herlev and Gentofte, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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group was established to evaluate the iodine situation in Denmark and possible actions. It concluded that Denmark was iodine deficient and proposed a cautious fortification of salt ( 16 ). The Danish Food and Veterinary Administration introduced IF with
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). Iodine in the soil is generally associated with organic matter and is not readily soluble. The magnitude of iodine deposition is unlikely to make a significant contribution to populations in which universal salt iodisation (USI) of 20–40 mg prevails ( 10
Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Institute of Environmental Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Environmental Health Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Environmental Health Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Department of Internal medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Department of Internal medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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. Guideline: Fortification of Food-grade Salt with Iodine for the Prevention and Control of Iodine Deficiency Disorders . Geneva : WHO 2014 . 5 Zimmermann MB Ito Y Hess SY Fujieda K & Molinari L . High thyroid volume in children with excess
Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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85 2299 – 2303 . ( https://doi.org/10.1210/jcem.85.6.6625 ) 12 Li Y Teng D Ba J Chen B Du J He L Lai X Teng X Shi X Li Y Efficacy and safety of long-term universal salt iodization on thyroid disorders: epidemiological evidence
Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (C.I.R.M.), University of Liege (ULiège), CHU (B35), Liege, Belgium
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Department of Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (C.I.R.M.), University of Liege (ULiège), CHU (B35), Liege, Belgium
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Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (C.I.R.M.), University of Liege (ULiège), CHU (B35), Liege, Belgium
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, menstrual cycle regularity, being a blood donor, iodized salt use, education level, employment status, smoking, sunscreen, and nail polish use). Only compounds with a detection frequency (DF) greater than 20% were included in the statistical analyses. For