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Joanna Bogusławska Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Warsaw, Poland

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Marlena Godlewska Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Warsaw, Poland

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Ewa Gajda Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Warsaw, Poland

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Agnieszka Piekiełko-Witkowska Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Warsaw, Poland

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Introduction Autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) is defined as a dysregulation of the immune system leading to autoimmune attack on the thyroid gland. It is the most common autoimmune disease affecting humans ( 1 ). The two major clinical

Article Type:
Review Article
Collections:
Thyroid autoimmunity
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/ETJ-21-0024
Volume/Issue:
Volume 11: Issue 1
Open access
Emilio Fiore Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Endocrinology Unit 1, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

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Francesco Latrofa Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Endocrinology Unit 1, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

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Paolo Vitti Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Endocrinology Unit 1, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

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thyroid disease (AITD) and non-AITD patients, while epitopic region B was recognized to the greatest extent by HT patients [ 28 , 31 , 32 ]. Table 1 Prevalence of TAb according to use of IS Fig. 1 Box-whisker plot of urinary

Article Type:
Review Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1159/000371741
Volume/Issue:
Volume 4: Issue 1
Free access
Grigoris Effraimidis Departments of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Jan G.P. Tijssen Departments of Cardiology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Wilmar M. Wiersinga Departments of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Introduction Autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) is a multifactorial condition and genetic factors as well as environmental factors are thought to play a role in its pathogenesis. Twin studies suggest that genetic factors account for about 70

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1159/000338920
Volume/Issue:
Volume 1: Issue 2
Free access
Liliana Ribeiro Santos Internal Medicine Department, Hospital of Santa Maria, Lisbon, Portugal
Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal

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Inês Vasconcelos Bessa Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal
Health Investigation and Innovation Institute (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal

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Adriana Gaspar da Rocha Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
Health Investigation and Innovation Institute (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
Public Health Unit, ACES Baixo Mondego, Coimbra, Portugal

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Celestino Neves Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal
Department of Endocrinology, Hospital University Centre of São João, Porto, Portugal

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Cláudia Freitas Department of Endocrinology, Hospital University Centre of Porto, Porto, Portugal

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Paula Soares Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal
Health Investigation and Innovation Institute (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal

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Introduction Autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) is one of the most prevalent groups of autoimmune diseases ( 1 ). Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) and Graves' disease (GD) are the most significant AITDs ( 2 ), GD being around ten times less common

Article Type:
Research Article
Collections:
Thyroid autoimmunity
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/ETJ-22-0090
Volume/Issue:
Volume 12: Issue 2
Open access
Tanja Diana Molecular Thyroid Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine I, Johannes Gutenberg University (JGU) Medical Center, Mainz, Germany

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Christian Wüster Endocrine Laboratory Prof. Wüster, Mainz, Germany

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Paul D. Olivo Department of Microbiology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA

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Angelica Unterrainer Molecular Thyroid Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine I, Johannes Gutenberg University (JGU) Medical Center, Mainz, Germany

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Jochem König Endocrine Laboratory Prof. Wüster, Mainz, Germany

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Michael Kanitz Molecular Thyroid Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine I, Johannes Gutenberg University (JGU) Medical Center, Mainz, Germany

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Artur Bossowski Department of Pediatrics, Endocrinology, and Diabetology, Medical University of Byalistok, Bialystok, Poland

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Brigitte Decallonne Division of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

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George J. Kahaly Molecular Thyroid Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine I, Johannes Gutenberg University (JGU) Medical Center, Mainz, Germany

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manifestations of Graves’ disease (GD) and are specific biomarkers [ 6 - 10 ] of this autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD). On the other hand, TSHR blocking Ab (TBAb) can also be found in AITD patients and may contribute to the hypothyroidism or atypical Hashimoto

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1159/000478522
Volume/Issue:
Volume 6: Issue 5
Free access
George J. Kahaly Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany

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Autoantibodies (Ab) to the TSH receptor (TSHR) are responsible for many of the clinical manifestations of Graves' disease (GD) and are specific biomarkers of this autoimmune thyroid disorder (AITD) [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. These Ab can be measured

Article Type:
Editorial
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1159/000375445
Volume/Issue:
Volume 4: Issue 1
Free access
Yasmine Abdellaoui Department of Internal Medicine, Foch Hospital, Suresnes, France

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Dimitra Magkou Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Ambroise Paré Universitary Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Boulogne, France

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Sofia Bakopoulou Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Ambroise Paré Universitary Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Boulogne, France

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Ramona Zaharia Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Ambroise Paré Universitary Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Boulogne, France

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Marie-Laure Raffin-Sanson Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Ambroise Paré Universitary Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Boulogne, France
EA 4340, Université Versailles Saint Quentin en Yvelines, UFR Simone Veil Santé, Montigny le Bretonneux, France

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Laure Cazabat Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Ambroise Paré Universitary Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Boulogne, France
EA 4340, Université Versailles Saint Quentin en Yvelines, UFR Simone Veil Santé, Montigny le Bretonneux, France

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]. Autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD) are relatively common in the general population, frequently showing a familial aggregation. Autoimmune hypothyroidism has been described in families with RTHβ [ 5 ]. Graves’ disease (GD) has also been described as isolated

Article Type:
Case Report
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1159/000506424
Volume/Issue:
Volume 9: Issue 5
Free access
Berglind Jonsdottir Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden

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Markus Lundgren Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden

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Sara Wallengren Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden

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Åke Lernmark Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden

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Ida Jönsson Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden

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Helena Elding Larsson Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden

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(TGAb), and the TSH receptor [ 1 ]. Thyroid autoimmunity may cause cellular damage and result in autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD), with two opposing clinical phenotypes: autoimmune hypothyroidism and Graves’ hyperthyroidism. Autoimmune hypothyroidism

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1159/000479964
Volume/Issue:
Volume 6: Issue 6
Free access
Bing Han Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Chi Chen Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Yi Chen Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Ningjian Wang Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Jie Yu Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Jing Cheng Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Yingchao Chen Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Chunfang Zhu Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Yingli Lu Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Background Autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD), including autoimmune hypothyroidism (Hashimoto thyroiditis) and autoimmune hyperthyroidism (Graves’ disease), affects 2–5% of the general population. Its risk factors included genetic

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1159/000506701
Volume/Issue:
Volume 10: Issue 1
Free access
Manassawee Korwutthikulrangsri Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand

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Chrysoula Dosiou Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA

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Alexandra M. Dumitrescu Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
Committee on Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA

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Samuel Refetoff Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
Committee on Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA

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reverse triiodothyronine (TrT3), and TSH levels while serum total triiodothyronine (TT3) was normal. Positive thyroid peroxidase antibodies indicated the presence of autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD). An assay using polyethylene glycol precipitation to

Article Type:
Case Report
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1159/000503860
Volume/Issue:
Volume 8: Issue 6
Free access