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Min Ji Jeon Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea

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Won Gu Kim Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea

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Ki-Wook Chung Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea

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Jung Hwan Baek Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea

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Won Bae Kim Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea

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Young Kee Shong Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea

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that most PTMCs have a very indolent nature and excellent outcomes [ 2 , 5 , 6 ]. Recently, active surveillance (AS) instead of immediate surgery was suggested as a management option for PTMCs [ 6 - 8 ]. By definition, AS means applying life

Article Type:
Review Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1159/000503064
Volume/Issue:
Volume 8: Issue 6
Free access
Pedro Weslley Souza Rosario Santa Casa de Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte, Brazil

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Gabriela Franco Mourão Santa Casa de Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte, Brazil

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Pedro Henrique Lopes Oliveira Santa Casa de Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte, Brazil

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Tulio Henrique Silva Santa Casa de Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte, Brazil

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Introduction Patients with small papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTC) can currently be maintained under active surveillance (AS) instead of being submitted to immediate surgery [ 1 - 5 ]. This management is accepted for cases in which the risk

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1159/000490701
Volume/Issue:
Volume 7: Issue 5
Free access
Ho-Ryun Won Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chungnam National University Sejong Hospital, Sejong, Republic of Korea

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Min Gyu Kim Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea

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Min Soo Kim Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea

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Jae Won Chang Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea

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Bon Seok Koo Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea

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as 1993, a management protocol using active surveillance (AS) was attempted for PTMC patients, mainly in Japan. The results of approximately 10 years of follow-up were reported ( 9 , 10 ), and based on those results, AS was accepted as an effective

Article Type:
Research Article
Collections:
Thyroid cancer - clinical
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/ETJ-23-0195
Volume/Issue:
Volume 12: Issue 6
Open access
Alexander Gorshtein Endocrine Institute, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikva, Israel
Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel

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Ilana Slutzky-Shraga Endocrine Institute, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikva, Israel
Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel

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Eyal Robenshtok Endocrine Institute, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikva, Israel
Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel

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Carlos Benbassat Endocrine Institute, Shamir Medical Center (Formerly Assaf Harofeh Medical Center), Beer Yaakov, Israel
Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel

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Dania Hirsch Endocrine Institute, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikva, Israel
Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel

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managed with active surveillance or thyroidectomy, depending on clinical considerations. Bethesda IV (B4) nodules are associated with a 15–30% ROM and require surgery [ 1 ]. Importantly, the actual incidence of thyroid cancer in operated patients may

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1159/000509037
Volume/Issue:
Volume 10: Issue 2
Free access
Sang-Hyeon Ju Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea

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Yong Bae Ji Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea

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Minchul Song Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea

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Joung Youl Lim Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea

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Da Beom Heo Department of Otorhinolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea

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Min-Gyu Kim Department of Otorhinolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea

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Jae Won Chang Department of Otorhinolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
Department of Otorhinolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea

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Ho-Ryun Won Department of Otorhinolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
Department of Otorhinolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Chungnam National University Sejong Hospital, Sejong, Republic of Korea

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Yea Eun Kang Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea

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Eu Jeong Ku Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea

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Mijin Kim Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea

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Eun Kyung Lee Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Thyroid Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Republic of Korea

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June Young Choi Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea

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Hyeong Won Yu Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea

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Young Joo Park Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea

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Jun-Ho Choe Division of Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea

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Bon Seok Koo Department of Otorhinolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
Department of Otorhinolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea

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the MASTER study group †
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the MASTER study group

.6–4.8% between 2003 and 2019 ( 4 ). Consequently, given the resulting prevalence of low-risk papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) patients and the burden posed by the potential complications, active surveillance (AS) has received increased attention ( 6 , 7

Article Type:
Research Article
Collections:
Thyroid cancer - clinical
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/ETJ-23-0258
Volume/Issue:
Volume 13: Issue 2
Open access
Pedro Weslley Souza Rosario Santa Casa de Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte, Brazil

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Dear Editor, Recently, Russ et al. [ 1 ] endorsed active surveillance for low-risk papillary microcarcinoma of the thyroid (PMT). It is also reasonable to imagine that, if immediate treatment is not necessary, fine-needle aspiration (FNA) of

Article Type:
Letter
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1159/000486671
Volume/Issue:
Volume 7: Issue 3
Free access
Andrew G Gianoukakis The Lundquist Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Torrance, California, USA

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Jennifer H Choe Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center/Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA

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Daniel W Bowles Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA

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Marcia S Brose Department of Otorhinolaryngology: Head and Neck Surgery, Abramson Cancer Center of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA

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Lori J Wirth Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

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Taofeek Owonikoko Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA

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Svetlana Babajanyan Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals, Whippany, New Jersey, USA

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Francis P Worden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA

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for active surveillance. Real-world data suggest that delaying MKI therapy until rapid disease progression may result in a suboptimal clinical benefit ( 9 ). However, there is no consensus on when to initiate MKI therapy. To elucidate the optimal

Article Type:
Research Article
Collections:
Thyroid cancer - clinical
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/ETJ-23-0039
Volume/Issue:
Volume 13: Issue 1
Open access
Pi-Ling Chiang Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
Thyroid Head and Neck Ablation Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan

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Sheng-Dean Luo Thyroid Head and Neck Ablation Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan
Department of Otolaryngology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan

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Yen-Hsiang Chang Thyroid Head and Neck Ablation Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan
Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan

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Chen-Kai Chou Thyroid Head and Neck Ablation Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan

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Shun-Yu Chi Thyroid Head and Neck Ablation Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan
Departments of Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan

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Yi-Fan Chen Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
Thyroid Head and Neck Ablation Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan

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Wei-Che Lin Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
Thyroid Head and Neck Ablation Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan
Department of Radiology, Jen-Ai Hospital, Dali Branch, Taichung, Taiwan
School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan

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thyroid AUS/FLUS nodules. Although the potential malignant risks associated with these nodules cannot be entirely ruled out, not all nodules of this nature require surgery, and when compared to active surveillance, RFA has shown therapeutic benefits. RFA

Article Type:
Research Article
Collections:
Goiter and thyroid nodules
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/ETJ-23-0105
Volume/Issue:
Volume 12: Issue 6
Open access
Toru Takano Rinku General Medical Center, Izumisano, Japan
Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
Department of Laboratory Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan

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contributing stressor cannot be excluded. In addition, in the young, it is difficult to perform active surveillance, which is now recommended for some PTMs in adults [ 19 , 20 ]. In the case of children, such an observation may last for more than half a

Article Type:
Review Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1159/000503323
Volume/Issue:
Volume 9: Issue 3
Open access
Laura Fugazzola Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy
Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy

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Maurilio Deandrea Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Department and Center for Thyroid Diseases, Ordine Mauriziano Hospital, Turin, Italy

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Stefano Borgato Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy

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Marco Dell’Acqua Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy

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Francesca Retta Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Department and Center for Thyroid Diseases, Ordine Mauriziano Hospital, Turin, Italy

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Alberto Mormile Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Department and Center for Thyroid Diseases, Ordine Mauriziano Hospital, Turin, Italy

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Chiara Carzaniga Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy

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Giacomo Gazzano Pathology Unit, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy

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Gabriele Pogliaghi Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy

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Marina Muzza Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy

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Luca Persani Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy
Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy

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perform a molecular testing, or a diagnostic lobectomy, or an active surveillance. Few papers have been published reporting the efficacy of thermo- or microwave ablation in this class of nodules, but only small (volume range: 1.9–7.9 mL) and genetically

Article Type:
Research Article
Collections:
Goiter and thyroid nodules
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/ETJ-24-0020
Volume/Issue:
Volume 13: Issue 3
Open access