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Kathrin Engels Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany

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Helena Rakov Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany

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Denise Zwanziger Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany

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Lars C. Moeller Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany

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Georg Homuth Department of Functional Genomics, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany

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Josef Köhrle Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany

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Klaudia Brix Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jacobs University Bremen, Bremen, Germany

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Dagmar Führer Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany

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aging population [ 2 , 3 , 4 ]. It is widely accepted that circulating TH levels may not solely and comprehensively reflect TH organ status. In fact, TH action is complex and, in addition to different TH derivatives, involves distinct transmembrane

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Alessia Cozzolino Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy

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Tiziana Filardi Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy

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Ilaria Simonelli Service of Medical Statistics and Information Technology, Fatebenefratelli Foundation for Health Research and Education, Rome, Italy
Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy

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Giorgio Grani Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy

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Camilla Virili Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, ‘Sapienza’ University of Rome, Latina, Italy

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Ilaria Stramazzo Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, ‘Sapienza’ University of Rome, Latina, Italy

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Maria Giulia Santaguida Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, ‘Sapienza’ University of Rome, Latina, Italy

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Pietro Locantore Endocrinology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli-IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy

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Massimo Maurici Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy

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Daniele Gianfrilli Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy

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Andrea M Isidori Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy

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Cosimo Durante Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy

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Carlotta Pozza Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy

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on behalf of TALENT Group
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discriminating criterion in children may not be feasible due to age-related changing in thyroid volume ( 4 ). As for the clinical context, several risk factors for developing thyroid nodules and cancer in children have been identified: iodine deficiency

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Sander Barnhoorn Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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Marcel E Meima Department of Internal Medicine, Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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Robin P Peeters Department of Internal Medicine, Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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Veerle M Darras Laboratory of Comparative Endocrinology, Biology Department, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

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Selmar Leeuwenburgh Department of Internal Medicine, Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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Jan H J Hoeijmakers Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
Institute for Genome Stability in Ageing and Disease, CECAD Research Centre, Cologne, Germany

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Wilbert P Vermeij Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands

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W Edward Visser Department of Internal Medicine, Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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Introduction Altered neuroendocrine intercellular communication is an important integrative hallmark of aging and is associated with the functional decline in aging ( 1 ). In recent years, it has become increasingly clear that thyroid state

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Fabián Pitoia Division of Endocrinology, Hospital de Clínicas, University of Buenos Aires

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Fernando Jerkovich Division of Endocrinology, Hospital de Clínicas, University of Buenos Aires

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Anabella Smulever Division of Endocrinology, Hospital de Clínicas, University of Buenos Aires

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Gabriela Brenta Division of Endocrinology, Dr. César Milstein Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina

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Fernanda Bueno Division of Endocrinology, Hospital de Clínicas, University of Buenos Aires

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Graciela Cross Division of Endocrinology, Hospital de Clínicas, University of Buenos Aires

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Introduction Various staging systems have historically been used to assess the risk of mortality in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ]. All of them are strongly dependent on patient age since age at

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Yuwei Liu Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health (NCCH), Beijing, China

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Shengcai Wang Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health (NCCH), Beijing, China

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Yanzhen Li Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health (NCCH), Beijing, China

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Xuexi Zhang Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health (NCCH), Beijing, China

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Zhiyong Liu Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health (NCCH), Beijing, China

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Qiaoyin Liu Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health (NCCH), Beijing, China

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Nian Sun Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health (NCCH), Beijing, China

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Jie Zhang Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health (NCCH), Beijing, China

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Wentong Ge Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health (NCCH), Beijing, China

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Yongli Guo Beijing Key Laboratory for Pediatric Diseases of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health (NCCH), Beijing, China

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Yuanhu Liu Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health (NCCH), Beijing, China

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Xiaolian Fang Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health (NCCH), Beijing, China

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Tingting Ji Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health (NCCH), Beijing, China

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Jun Tai Children’s Hospital Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing, China

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Xin Ni Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health (NCCH), Beijing, China
Beijing Key Laboratory for Pediatric Diseases of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health (NCCH), Beijing, China

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Beijing Children’s Hospital [ 5 ]. Thyroid carcinoma has even been reported in neonates [ 6 ]. The age of the patient has an important impact on survival in many malignant diseases. Whereas the association between age and survival is common for many

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Santiago Tofé Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain

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Iñaki Argüelles Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain

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Ana Forteza Department of Pathology, University Hospital Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain

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Cristina Álvarez Department of Surgery, Section of Endocrine Surgery, University Hospital Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain

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Alessandra Repetto Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain

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Luis Masmiquel Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital Son Llatzer, Palma de Mallorca, Spain

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Irene Rodríguez Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital Son Llatzer, Palma de Mallorca, Spain

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Eladio Losada Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Can Misses, Ibiza, Spain

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Nuria Sukunza Department of Endocrinology, Hospital de Manacor, Manacor, Spain

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María Cabrer Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Comarcal de Inca, Inca, Spain

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Mildred Sifontes Department of Pathology, Hospital Mateu Orfila, Menorca, Spain

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María del Mar del Barrio Department of Pathology, Hospital Mateu Orfila, Menorca, Spain

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Antonia Barceló Department of Laboratory, University Hospital Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain

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Álvaro Tofé Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital Puerta del Mar, Cádiz, Spain

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Vicente Pereg Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain

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Islands and was declared of scientific interest. Study objectives included primarily descriptive data on the age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) of TC, using data from the world global population age ( 12 11) as a reference, patient gender and age at

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Salman Razvi Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom
Department of Endocrinology, Gateshead Health NHS Foundation Trust, Gateshead, United Kingdom

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Vicky Ryan Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom

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Lorna Ingoe Department of Endocrinology, Gateshead Health NHS Foundation Trust, Gateshead, United Kingdom
Department of Endocrinology, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom

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Simon H. Pearce Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom
Department of Endocrinology, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom

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Scott Wilkes School of Medicine, University of Sunderland, Sunderland, United Kingdom

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people. The fastest population increase has been in the number of those aged 85 and over – the “oldest old.” For instance, in the United Kingdom, there were around 660,000 people aged 85 and over in 1984. Since then the numbers have more than doubled

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Jean-Charles Martin Centre de recherche en CardioVasculaire et Nutrition (C2VN), Institut national de recherche pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (INRAE), Institut National pour la Santé Et la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Marseille, France

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Thierry Pourcher Transporter in Imaging and Radiotherapy in Oncology Laboratory (TIRO), Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale (DRF), Institut des sciences du vivant Frederic Joliot, Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies alternatives (CEA), Université Côte d’Azur (UCA), School of Medicine, Nice, France

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Guillaume Phan Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-Santé, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France

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Julien Guglielmi Transporter in Imaging and Radiotherapy in Oncology Laboratory (TIRO), Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale (DRF), Institut des sciences du vivant Frederic Joliot, Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies alternatives (CEA), Université Côte d’Azur (UCA), School of Medicine, Nice, France

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Caroline Crambes Pharmacie Centrale des Armées (PCA), Direction des Approvisionnements en produits de Santé des Armées, Fleury-les-Aubrais, France

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François Caire-Maurisier Pharmacie Centrale des Armées (PCA), Direction des Approvisionnements en produits de Santé des Armées, Fleury-les-Aubrais, France

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Dalila Lebsir Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-Santé, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France

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David Cohen Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-Santé, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France

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Clément Rosique Centre de recherche en CardioVasculaire et Nutrition (C2VN), Institut national de recherche pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (INRAE), Institut National pour la Santé Et la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Marseille, France

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Lun Jing Transporter in Imaging and Radiotherapy in Oncology Laboratory (TIRO), Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale (DRF), Institut des sciences du vivant Frederic Joliot, Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies alternatives (CEA), Université Côte d’Azur (UCA), School of Medicine, Nice, France

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Maha Hichri Transporter in Imaging and Radiotherapy in Oncology Laboratory (TIRO), Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale (DRF), Institut des sciences du vivant Frederic Joliot, Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies alternatives (CEA), Université Côte d’Azur (UCA), School of Medicine, Nice, France

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Lisa Salleron Transporter in Imaging and Radiotherapy in Oncology Laboratory (TIRO), Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale (DRF), Institut des sciences du vivant Frederic Joliot, Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies alternatives (CEA), Université Côte d’Azur (UCA), School of Medicine, Nice, France

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Jacques Darcourt Transporter in Imaging and Radiotherapy in Oncology Laboratory (TIRO), Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale (DRF), Institut des sciences du vivant Frederic Joliot, Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies alternatives (CEA), Université Côte d’Azur (UCA), School of Medicine, Nice, France

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Maamar Souidi Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-Santé, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France

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Marc Benderitter Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-Santé, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France

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of KI according to age group was proposed by the WHO, i.e. 130 mg KI for adults and adolescents (over 12 years), 65 mg for children (3–12 years), 32 mg for infants (1 month–3 years), and 16 mg for neonates (birth to 1 month). The key factor for the

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Sze May Ng Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
Department of Paediatrics, Southport and Ormskirk NHS Trust, Ormskirk, United Kingdom

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Mark A. Turner Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom

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Shivaram Avula Department of Radiology, Alder Hey Foundation Trust Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom

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.47 mL (standard deviation, SD ±0.14) in 68 term neonates whose gestational ages at birth were 37–41 weeks. In 1999, Tajtakova et al. [ 11 ] assessed 258 newborns (227 term and 31 preterm) and found a mean thyroid volume of 0.6 mL (SD ±0.21). In a Turkish

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Julia Müller Leibniz Institute for Age Research/Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany

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Heike Heuer Leibniz Institute for Age Research/Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany

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histological examination revealed an enlarged thyroid gland in Mct8 ko mice. Quantification of thyroid follicle parameters demonstrated the presence of bigger follicles in the absence of Mct8, a phenotype that even progresses with age [ 50 , 54 , 55

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