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aging population [ 2 , 3 , 4 ]. It is widely accepted that circulating TH levels may not solely and comprehensively reflect TH organ status. In fact, TH action is complex and, in addition to different TH derivatives, involves distinct transmembrane
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Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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discriminating criterion in children may not be feasible due to age-related changing in thyroid volume ( 4 ). As for the clinical context, several risk factors for developing thyroid nodules and cancer in children have been identified: iodine deficiency
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Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
Institute for Genome Stability in Ageing and Disease, CECAD Research Centre, Cologne, Germany
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Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Introduction Altered neuroendocrine intercellular communication is an important integrative hallmark of aging and is associated with the functional decline in aging ( 1 ). In recent years, it has become increasingly clear that thyroid state
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Introduction Various staging systems have historically been used to assess the risk of mortality in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ]. All of them are strongly dependent on patient age since age at
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Beijing Key Laboratory for Pediatric Diseases of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health (NCCH), Beijing, China
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Beijing Children’s Hospital [ 5 ]. Thyroid carcinoma has even been reported in neonates [ 6 ]. The age of the patient has an important impact on survival in many malignant diseases. Whereas the association between age and survival is common for many
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Islands and was declared of scientific interest. Study objectives included primarily descriptive data on the age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) of TC, using data from the world global population age ( 12 11) as a reference, patient gender and age at
Department of Endocrinology, Gateshead Health NHS Foundation Trust, Gateshead, United Kingdom
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Department of Endocrinology, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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Department of Endocrinology, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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people. The fastest population increase has been in the number of those aged 85 and over – the “oldest old.” For instance, in the United Kingdom, there were around 660,000 people aged 85 and over in 1984. Since then the numbers have more than doubled
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of KI according to age group was proposed by the WHO, i.e. 130 mg KI for adults and adolescents (over 12 years), 65 mg for children (3–12 years), 32 mg for infants (1 month–3 years), and 16 mg for neonates (birth to 1 month). The key factor for the
Department of Paediatrics, Southport and Ormskirk NHS Trust, Ormskirk, United Kingdom
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.47 mL (standard deviation, SD ±0.14) in 68 term neonates whose gestational ages at birth were 37–41 weeks. In 1999, Tajtakova et al. [ 11 ] assessed 258 newborns (227 term and 31 preterm) and found a mean thyroid volume of 0.6 mL (SD ±0.21). In a Turkish
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histological examination revealed an enlarged thyroid gland in Mct8 ko mice. Quantification of thyroid follicle parameters demonstrated the presence of bigger follicles in the absence of Mct8, a phenotype that even progresses with age [ 50 , 54 , 55