Institute of Public Health, University of Copenhagen
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National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen
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Department of Palliative Medicine, Bispebjerg Hospital
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Introduction Autoimmune hypothyroidism is characterized by lymphocytic infiltration of the thyroid gland and most commonly various degrees of hypofunctioning of the gland, in the presence of thyroid autoantibodies against thyroid peroxidase
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Regional Center for Newborn Screening, Diagnosis and Treatment of Congenital Metabolic and Endocrinological Diseases, Verona, Italy
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Pediatric Section, Department Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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Regional Center for Newborn Screening, Diagnosis and Treatment of Congenital Metabolic and Endocrinological Diseases, Verona, Italy
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Pediatric Section, Department Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
Regional Center for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Children and Adolescents Rare Skeletal Disorders, Pediatric Clinic, Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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clear whether they interfere with the function of the fetus’ thyroid ( 8 ). In children from mother with autoimmune hypothyroidism (AH), an increased prevalence of congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is described ( 1 , 9 ); however, no study has ever
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responsible for 30–50% of all cases of IRT-induced hypothyroidism [ 12 , 37 ], which differs from the spontaneous form of autoimmune hypothyroidism where TBAb account for only 10% of cases [ 38 , 39 ]. The frequency of secondary TA among MS patients treated
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EA 4340, Université Versailles Saint Quentin en Yvelines, UFR Simone Veil Santé, Montigny le Bretonneux, France
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EA 4340, Université Versailles Saint Quentin en Yvelines, UFR Simone Veil Santé, Montigny le Bretonneux, France
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What Is Known about This Topic? Both Graves’ disease and autoimmune hypothyroidism were described in patients with resistance to thyroid hormone beta (RTHβ). Undiagnosed RTHβ can lead to misdiagnosis of Graves’ disease. The
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Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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mechanisms are not clear, and uncertainties prevail regarding the role of thyroid function and thyroid autoimmunity. More recent studies have pointed toward a specific association between autoimmune hypothyroidism and increased levels of CysC ( 8 , 9
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(de novo development of TPO-Ab) and in study B (development of overt hypothyroidism). Study B: Alcohol Consumption and Development of Overt Hypothyroidism During the 5-year follow-up period, 38 cases of overt autoimmune hypothyroidism
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and the electronic version of the ThyPRO questionnaire [ 1 ]. Methods Study Population We included patients with a diagnosis of Graves' hyperthyroidism or autoimmune hypothyroidism who were in a clinically stable phase of their disease and
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Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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concluded that an overall discrepancy between the symptom burden and thyroid hormone levels in overt hypothyroidism was present [ 43 ]. This was confirmed in a study comprising patients newly diagnosed with overt autoimmune hypothyroidism [ 44 ]. It is
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Background: Van Wyk-Grumbach syndrome (VWGS) is a rare presentation of juvenile hypothyroidism which manifests in females as chronic autoimmune hypothyroidism, isosexual pseudoprecocious puberty, and multicystic ovaries. It uniquely presents with short stature and delayed bone age unlike other causes of precocious puberty. Kocher-Debré-Sémélaigne (KDSS) is a rare presentation of juvenile hypothyroidism manifesting as calf muscle pseudohypertrophy, delayed contraction and relaxation of reflexes, and percussion myxedema. Objectives: To diagnose the rare association of VWGS and KDSS and to conduct a follow-up of the patient on replacement therapy. Methods: We present a case of a 9-year-old female child who presented to the endocrine department with complaints of intermittent vaginal bleeding, short stature, and difficulty in walking. On evaluation she was found to be having autoimmune hypothyroidism, FSH-dominated isosexual pseudoprecocious puberty, delayed bone age, secondary pituitary macroadenoma, delayed relaxation of deep tendon reflexes, and pseudohypertrophy of calf muscles. The diagnosis of VWGS associated with KDSS was made. The patient was initially put on 25 μg thyroxine replacement, which was titrated accordingly, and was followed up after 6 months and 1 year. Results: All the features of the syndrome improved after 12 months of adequate thyroxine replacement. Conclusions: VWGS and KDSS are rare presentations of juvenile hypothyroidism, and their association is even rarer. Early diagnosis and prompt replacement therapy can avoid unnecessary investigations and surgical interventions.
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Background: Selenium (Se) is a trace element that plays key roles in thyroid physiology. Se deficiency is associated with increased risk of thyroid disease. Some evidence suggests that Se supplementation may be beneficial in autoimmune thyroid disease (either hypo- or hyperthyroidism). Objectives: We sought to examine the use of Se in daily clinical practice among Italian endocrinologists. Methods: Members of the Associazione Medici Endocrinologi (AME) were invited to participate in a web-based survey investigating the use of Se in different clinical conditions. Results: A total of 815 individuals (43.2% of AME members) participated in the survey, 778 of whom completed all of the sections. Among these respondents, 85.2% considered using Se for thyroid disease (58.1% rarely/occasionally and 27.1% often/always), and 79.4% prescribed Se for chronic autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) (39.1% sometimes and 40.3% often/always). About two thirds of the respondents considered Se use in cases of subclinical autoimmune hypothyroidism, and about 40% had suggested Se use for patients with AIT who were planning pregnancy or already pregnant. About one fourth of the respondents had used Se for mild Graves' orbitopathy. Regarding the suggested daily dosage of Se, 60% of the respondents answered 100-200 µg, 20-30% recommended <100 µg, and 10-20% recommended >200 µg. Conclusions: Se use is widely considered in daily clinical practice. Moreover, Se supplementation is often used or suggested for purposes extending beyond those supported by evidence-based medicine. Ongoing studies will better clarify how Se treatment can be properly utilized in thyroid disease management.
