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Pi-Ling Chiang Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
Thyroid Head and Neck Ablation Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan

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Sheng-Dean Luo Thyroid Head and Neck Ablation Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan
Department of Otolaryngology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan

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Yen-Hsiang Chang Thyroid Head and Neck Ablation Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan
Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan

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Chen-Kai Chou Thyroid Head and Neck Ablation Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan

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Shun-Yu Chi Thyroid Head and Neck Ablation Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan
Departments of Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan

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Yi-Fan Chen Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
Thyroid Head and Neck Ablation Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan

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Wei-Che Lin Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
Thyroid Head and Neck Ablation Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan
Department of Radiology, Jen-Ai Hospital, Dali Branch, Taichung, Taiwan
School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan

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/FLUS) category, known as Bethesda category III, has been ascribed a malignancy risk of 5–15% ( 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ). According to international guidelines, Bethesda III thyroid nodules are not considered an indication of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) ( 6 , 7

Article Type:
Research Article
Collections:
Goiter and thyroid nodules
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/ETJ-23-0105
Volume/Issue:
Volume 12: Issue 6
Open access
Laura Fugazzola Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy
Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy

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Maurilio Deandrea Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Department and Center for Thyroid Diseases, Ordine Mauriziano Hospital, Turin, Italy

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Stefano Borgato Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy

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Marco Dell’Acqua Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy

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Francesca Retta Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Department and Center for Thyroid Diseases, Ordine Mauriziano Hospital, Turin, Italy

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Alberto Mormile Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Department and Center for Thyroid Diseases, Ordine Mauriziano Hospital, Turin, Italy

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Chiara Carzaniga Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy

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Giacomo Gazzano Pathology Unit, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy

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Gabriele Pogliaghi Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy

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Marina Muzza Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy

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Luca Persani Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy
Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy

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treatment in advanced and infiltrative thyroid tumors ( 4 ). No specific recommendations are available regarding the use of RFA or other mini-invasive procedures in indeterminate nodules (Bethesda III and IV). According to the last Bethesda classification

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Research Article
Collections:
Goiter and thyroid nodules
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/ETJ-24-0020
Volume/Issue:
Volume 13: Issue 3
Open access
Maria Mavromati Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Nutrition and Therapeutic Education, Geneva University Hospitals, Rue Gabrielle Perret Gentil, Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland

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Essia Saiji Department of Pathology, Geneva University Hospitals, Rue Gabrielle Perret Gentil, Geneva, Switzerland

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Marco Stefano Demarchi Department of Endocrine Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals, Rue Gabrielle Perret Gentil, Geneva, Switzerland

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Vincent Lenoir Department of Radiology, Geneva University Hospitals, Rue Gabrielle Perret Gentil, Geneva, Switzerland

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Amanda Seipel Department of Pathology, Geneva University Hospitals, Rue Gabrielle Perret Gentil, Geneva, Switzerland

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Paulina Kuczma Department of Endocrine Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals, Rue Gabrielle Perret Gentil, Geneva, Switzerland

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François R Jornayvaz Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Nutrition and Therapeutic Education, Geneva University Hospitals, Rue Gabrielle Perret Gentil, Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland

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Minerva Becker Department of Radiology, Geneva University Hospitals, Rue Gabrielle Perret Gentil, Geneva, Switzerland

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Eugenio Fernandez Department of Oncology, Geneva University Hospitals, Rue Gabrielle Perret Gentil, Geneva, Switzerland

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Claudio De Vito Department of Pathology, Geneva University Hospitals, Rue Gabrielle Perret Gentil, Geneva, Switzerland

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Frédéric Triponez Department of Endocrine Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals, Rue Gabrielle Perret Gentil, Geneva, Switzerland

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Sophie Leboulleux Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Nutrition and Therapeutic Education, Geneva University Hospitals, Rue Gabrielle Perret Gentil, Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland

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, ultrasound scores are used to determine which nodules should undergo FNAC and the Bethesda classification is used to assess management based on the risk of malignancy ( 7 , 8 ). Suspicious nodules with Bethesda III, Bethesda IV, and Bethesda V cytology

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Research Article
Collections:
Goiter and thyroid nodules
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/ETJ-23-0114
Volume/Issue:
Volume 12: Issue 6
Open access
Ana Isabel Álvarez-Mancha Department of Medicine, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
Department of Pathology, General University Hospital of Ciudad Real, Ciudad Real, Spain

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Isabel Mancha-Doblas Department of Medicine, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Málaga, Spain

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María Molina-Vega Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Málaga, Spain
The Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga and Platform in Nanomedicine (IBIMA-BIONAND Platform), University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain

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Diego Fernández-García Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Málaga, Spain

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Ana María Gómez-Pérez Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Málaga, Spain
The Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga and Platform in Nanomedicine (IBIMA-BIONAND Platform), University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain

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Elena Gallego-Domínguez Department of Medicine, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
Department of Pathology, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Málaga, Spain

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María Victoria Ortega-Jiménez Department of Medicine, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
Department of Pathology, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Málaga, Spain

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Isabel Hierro-Martín Department of Pathology, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Málaga, Spain

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Francisco J Tinahones Department of Medicine, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Málaga, Spain
The Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga and Platform in Nanomedicine (IBIMA-BIONAND Platform), University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain

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). Currently, the approach to Bethesda III diagnosis is determined by clinical and ultrasound risk factors ( 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 ). It is generally reasonable to adopt a conservative approach with ultrasound surveillance and repeat FNA

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Research Article
Collections:
Goiter and thyroid nodules
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/ETJ-24-0076
Volume/Issue:
Volume 13: Issue 3
Open access
X Y Hu Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada

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J Wu Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada

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P Seal EFW Radiology, Calgary, Alberta, Canada

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S A Ghaznavi Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada

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C Symonds Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada

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S Kinnear Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada

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R Paschke Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
Departments of Medicine, Oncology, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada

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indeterminate (Bethesda III/IV) nodule identified on FNA in the Calgary and Southern Alberta Healthcare region between July 31, 2020, and November 1, 2021. After excluding thyroid biopsy ultrasound reports and 2 ultrasound reports performed before 2018, there

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Research Article
Collections:
Goiter and thyroid nodules
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/ETJ-22-0035
Volume/Issue:
Volume 11: Issue 3
Open access
Aglaia Kyrilli Department of Endocrinology, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (H.U.B.)– Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Route de Lennik 808, Brussels, Belgium

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Nunzia Tacelli Department of Radiology, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (H.U.B.)– Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Route de Lennik 808, Brussels, Belgium

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Lucia Russo Department of Medicine, DIMED, Internal Medicine 3, University of Padua, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padova, Italy

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Laetitia Lebrun Department of Pathology, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (H.U.B.)– Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Route de Lennik 808, Brussels, Belgium

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Isabelle Salmon Department of Pathology, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (H.U.B.)– Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Route de Lennik 808, Brussels, Belgium

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Gilles Russ Thyroid and Endocrine Tumors, Institute of Endocrinology, Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Pierre et Marie Curie University, Paris, France

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Rodrigo Moreno-Reyes Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (H.U.B.)– Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Route de Lennik, Brussels, Belgium

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Bernard Corvilain Department of Endocrinology, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (H.U.B.)– Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Route de Lennik 808, Brussels, Belgium

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according to the Bethesda classification system ( 24 ). DNA was obtained from all Bethesda III, IV, and V cytological samples and was subjected to targeted next-generation sequencing using Ion Gene Studio S5, Ion Torrent Platform with AmpliSeq TM Kit (Life

Article Type:
Research Article
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Goiter and thyroid nodules
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/ETJ-23-0135
Volume/Issue:
Volume 12: Issue 6
Open access
Min Ren Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China

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Qianlan Yao Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China

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Longlong Bao Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China

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Zhiting Wang Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China

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Ran Wei Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China

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Qianming Bai Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China

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Bo Ping Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China

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Cai Chang Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
Department of Ultrasound, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China

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Yu Wang Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China

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Xiaoyan Zhou Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China

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Xiaoli Zhu Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China

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V600E-mutated FNA samples with very low allelic frequency (AF, 1–2%) were verified as truly positive using amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS) testing. In the series of 313 cytologically negative (13 Bethesda I/II) and positive (300

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Genetics and omics in thyroidology
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/ETJ-21-0124
Volume/Issue:
Volume 11: Issue 3
Open access
Mohamed Abdouh Cancer Research Program, McGill University Health Centre-Research Institute, Montreal, Québec, Canada

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Roger Tabah Department of Surgery and Department of Oncology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Québec, Canada

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Vincenzo Arena Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Santo Bambino Hospital, Catania, Italy

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Manuel Arena Fondazione Istituto G. Giglio Cefalù, Pisciotto, Italy

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Zu-hua Gao Department of Pathology, McGill University Health Centre-Research Institute, Montreal, Québec, Canada

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Aurelio Lorico College of Medicine, Touro University Nevada, Henderson, Nevada, USA
Istituto Oncologico del Mediterraneo, Viagrande, Italy

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Goffredo Orazio Arena Fondazione Istituto G. Giglio Cefalù, Pisciotto, Italy
Istituto Oncologico del Mediterraneo, Viagrande, Italy
Department of Surgery, McGill University, St. Mary Hospital, Montreal, Québec, Canada

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with thyroid nodules. MATER-D Test Accurately Discriminates Benign from Malignant Lesions in Bethesda III/IV Patients To verify the accuracy of the MATER-D test in the group of patients with thyroid lesions, we performed a subgroup analysis of

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1159/000516421
Volume/Issue:
Volume 10: Issue 4
Free access
Kassia B. Reuters Thyroid Diseases Center and Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Endocrinology, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

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Maria C.O.C. Mamone Thyroid Diseases Center and Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Endocrinology, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

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Elsa S. Ikejiri Thyroid Diseases Center and Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Endocrinology, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

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Cleber P. Camacho Thyroid Diseases Center and Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Endocrinology, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

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Claudia C.D. Nakabashi Thyroid Diseases Center and Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Endocrinology, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

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Carolina C.P.S. Janovsky Thyroid Diseases Center and Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Endocrinology, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

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Ji H. Yang Thyroid Diseases Center and Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Endocrinology, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

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Danielle M. Andreoni Thyroid Diseases Center and Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Endocrinology, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

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Rosalia Padovani Thyroid Diseases Center and Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Endocrinology, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
Santa Casa de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

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Rui M.B. Maciel Thyroid Diseases Center and Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Endocrinology, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
Fleury Medicina e Saúde, São Paulo, Brazil

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Felipe A.B. Vanderlei Head and Neck Division, Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

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Rosa P.M. Biscolla Thyroid Diseases Center and Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Endocrinology, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
Fleury Medicina e Saúde, São Paulo, Brazil

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malignancy rates and approaches to treatment. These 6 categories are: nondiagnostic or unsatisfactory (ND, Bethesda I), benign (Bethesda II), atypia of undetermined significance or follicular lesion of undetermined significance (AUS/FLUS, Bethesda III

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1159/000488104
Volume/Issue:
Volume 7: Issue 3
Free access
Kristine Z Swan Department of ORL, Head- and Neck Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark

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Johnson Thomas Department of Endocrinology, Mercy Hospital, Springfield, Missouri, USA

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Viveque E Nielsen Department of ORL, Head- and Neck Surgery, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark

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Marie Louise Jespersen Department of Pathology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark

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Steen J Bonnema Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark

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large study, in which ACR TIRADS misclassified 32% of malignant nodules ( 18 ). In the indeterminate categories (Bethesda III, IV, and V), NPV of TIRADS was similar to that found in the whole cohort, while NPV of AIBx decreased to 81.5%. This is

Article Type:
Research Article
Collections:
Goiter and thyroid nodules
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/ETJ-21-0129
Volume/Issue:
Volume 11: Issue 2
Open access