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Spiros Karras Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Panagia General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece

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Gerasimos E. Krassas Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Panagia General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece

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Introduction Breastfeeding is considered the optimal way of newborn and infant feeding by clinicians and social workers [ 1 , 2 ]. It provides multiple advantages for the mental and physical development of the infant and is also implicated

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John H. Lazarus Centre for Endocrine and Diabetes Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK

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acceptable to proceed with methimazole or carbimazole in the lowest possible effective dose. Breast-Feeding With regard to breast-feeding in a woman receiving antithyroid drugs, it should be noted that both PTU and MMI are secreted in human milk [ 20

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Kamilla R Riis Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark

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Steen J Bonnema Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark

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Anja F Dreyer Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark

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Dorte Glintborg Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark

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Niels Bilenberg Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Mental Health Services in the Region of Southern Denmark, University of Southern Denmark Odense, Odense, Denmark

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Dorthe Bleses TrygFonden’s Centre for Child Research and School of Communication and Culture, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark

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Fabio Trecca TrygFonden’s Centre for Child Research and School of Communication and Culture, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark

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Marianne S Andersen Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark

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( 33 ) but negatively associated with multiparity ( 34 ). Previous studies have shown positive associations between breastfeeding and cognition ( 35 ). Breastfeeding might be influenced by maternal age, smoking, BMI, and education level ( 36 ). Further

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Maria Lopes-Pereira Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
ICVS/3B’s, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
Hospital de Braga, Braga, Portugal

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Anna Quialheiro Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
ICVS/3B’s, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal

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Patrício Costa Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
ICVS/3B’s, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal

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Susana Roque Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
ICVS/3B’s, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal

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Nadine Correia Santos Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
ICVS/3B’s, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
ACMP5 – Associação Centro de Medicina P5 (P5), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal

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Margarida Correia-Neves Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
ICVS/3B’s, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal

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Ana Goios Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
ICVS/3B’s, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal

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Ivone Carvalho Newborn Screening, Metabolism & Genetics Unit, National Institute of Health Dr Ricardo Jorge, Porto, Portugal

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Tim I M Korevaar Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands

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Laura Vilarinho Newborn Screening, Metabolism & Genetics Unit, National Institute of Health Dr Ricardo Jorge, Porto, Portugal

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Joana Almeida Palha Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
ICVS/3B’s, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
Clinical Academic Center-Braga (2CA-B), Braga, Portugal

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various reasons. Of notice, monitoring thyroid function is not included in current guidelines for pregnancy follow-up, except when thyroid disease is present ( 28 ). Clinical records of iodine supplementation during breastfeeding were scarce, which may

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undiagnosed IDD, is tightly associated with an increased risk of mortality and coronary heart disease. Moreover, iodine deficiency during pregnancy and breast-feeding is widespread in Europe and adversely affects the development of the child. Even mild or

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Peter N. Taylor Thyroid Research Group, Institute of Experimental and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff
London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London

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Bijay Vaidya Department of Endocrinology, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital and Peninsula Medical School, Exeter, UK

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choice of ATD. ATD Use after Pregnancy if Breastfeeding This topic has been the subject of a recent excellent review in this journal [ 63 ]. In brief, CBZ/MMI are preferable due to the ongoing concerns of prolonged PTU exposure and risk of

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Estefanía Rinaldini Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina

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Fiorella Campo Verde Arboccó Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina

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Marcelo Ezquer Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile

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Carlos Gamarra-Luques Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Instituto de Fisiología, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina

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María Belén Hapon Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina

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. Breastfeeding and antithyroid drugs: a view from within . Eur Thyroid J . 2012 Apr ; 1 ( 1 ): 30 – 3 . http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000336595 . 2 Alexander EK , Pearce EN , Brent GA , Brown RS , Chen H , Dosiou C , . 2017 guidelines of

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Jean-Charles Martin Centre de recherche en CardioVasculaire et Nutrition (C2VN), Institut national de recherche pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (INRAE), Institut National pour la Santé Et la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Marseille, France

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Thierry Pourcher Transporter in Imaging and Radiotherapy in Oncology Laboratory (TIRO), Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale (DRF), Institut des sciences du vivant Frederic Joliot, Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies alternatives (CEA), Université Côte d’Azur (UCA), School of Medicine, Nice, France

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Guillaume Phan Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-Santé, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France

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Julien Guglielmi Transporter in Imaging and Radiotherapy in Oncology Laboratory (TIRO), Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale (DRF), Institut des sciences du vivant Frederic Joliot, Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies alternatives (CEA), Université Côte d’Azur (UCA), School of Medicine, Nice, France

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Caroline Crambes Pharmacie Centrale des Armées (PCA), Direction des Approvisionnements en produits de Santé des Armées, Fleury-les-Aubrais, France

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François Caire-Maurisier Pharmacie Centrale des Armées (PCA), Direction des Approvisionnements en produits de Santé des Armées, Fleury-les-Aubrais, France

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Dalila Lebsir Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-Santé, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France

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David Cohen Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-Santé, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France

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Clément Rosique Centre de recherche en CardioVasculaire et Nutrition (C2VN), Institut national de recherche pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (INRAE), Institut National pour la Santé Et la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Marseille, France

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Lun Jing Transporter in Imaging and Radiotherapy in Oncology Laboratory (TIRO), Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale (DRF), Institut des sciences du vivant Frederic Joliot, Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies alternatives (CEA), Université Côte d’Azur (UCA), School of Medicine, Nice, France

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Maha Hichri Transporter in Imaging and Radiotherapy in Oncology Laboratory (TIRO), Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale (DRF), Institut des sciences du vivant Frederic Joliot, Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies alternatives (CEA), Université Côte d’Azur (UCA), School of Medicine, Nice, France

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Lisa Salleron Transporter in Imaging and Radiotherapy in Oncology Laboratory (TIRO), Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale (DRF), Institut des sciences du vivant Frederic Joliot, Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies alternatives (CEA), Université Côte d’Azur (UCA), School of Medicine, Nice, France

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Jacques Darcourt Transporter in Imaging and Radiotherapy in Oncology Laboratory (TIRO), Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale (DRF), Institut des sciences du vivant Frederic Joliot, Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies alternatives (CEA), Université Côte d’Azur (UCA), School of Medicine, Nice, France

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Maamar Souidi Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-Santé, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France

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Marc Benderitter Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-Santé, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France

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authorization of KI for repetitive prophylaxis in adults (except pregnant or breastfeeding women) and children aged 12+ was thus obtained in France in March 2020 from the ANSM. A synopsis of the posology as a function of age is provided in Table 1 . Table 1

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Marta Kostecka-Matyja Chair and Department of Endocrinology, Jagiellonian University, Collegium Medicum, Krakow

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Anna Fedorowicz Chair and Department of Endocrinology, Jagiellonian University, Collegium Medicum, Krakow

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Ewa Bar-Andziak Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Medical University, Warsaw

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Tomasz Bednarczuk Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Medical University, Warsaw

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Monika Buziak-Bereza Chair and Department of Endocrinology, Jagiellonian University, Collegium Medicum, Krakow

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Paulina Dumnicka Department of Medical Diagnostics, Jagiellonian University, Collegium Medicum, Krakow

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Maria Górska Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University, Bialystok

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Małgorzata Krasnodębska Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Medical University, Warsaw

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Beata Niedźwiedzka Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Medical University, Warsaw

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Dorota Pach Chair and Department of Endocrinology, Jagiellonian University, Collegium Medicum, Krakow

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Marek Ruchała Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, University of Medical Sciences, Poznan

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Katarzyna Siewko Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University, Bialystok

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Bogdan Solnica Department of Diagnostics, Chair of Clinical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University, Collegium Medicum, Krakow, Poland

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Jerzy Sowiński Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, University of Medical Sciences, Poznan

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Małgorzata Szelachowska Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University, Bialystok

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Małgorzata Trofimiuk-Müldner Chair and Department of Endocrinology, Jagiellonian University, Collegium Medicum, Krakow

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Katarzyna Wachowiak-Ochmańska Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, University of Medical Sciences, Poznan

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Alicja Hubalewska-Dydejczyk Chair and Department of Endocrinology, Jagiellonian University, Collegium Medicum, Krakow

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salt and baby formula. This program was later improved by recommending iodine supplementation in pregnant and breastfeeding women (100-200 mg of potassium iodide). This has provided a reduction in the incidence of goiters in children and has lowered the

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Roberto Negro Division of Endocrinology, ‘V. Fazzi' Hospital, Lecce

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Roberto Attanasio Endocrinology Service, Galeazzi Institute IRCCS, Milan

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Franco Grimaldi Endocrinology and Metabolic Disease Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria ‘S. Maria della Misericordia', Udine

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Rinaldo Guglielmi Department of Endocrinology, Regina Apostolorum Hospital, Albano Laziale, Italy

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Enrico Papini Department of Endocrinology, Regina Apostolorum Hospital, Albano Laziale, Italy

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diagnosis of thyrotoxicosis, it should be used only when RAI is contraindicated (pregnancy or breastfeeding)', and that ‘TRAb as well should be utilized when a thyroid scan and uptake are unavailable or contraindicated' [ 4 ]. Some American and European

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