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Kevin Stroek Endocrine Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Annemieke C. Heijboer Endocrine Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Endocrine Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Marja van Veen-Sijne Endocrine Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Annet M. Bosch Division of Metabolic Disorders, Department of Pediatrics, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Catharina P.B. van der Ploeg Department of Child Health, Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research TNO, Leiden, The Netherlands

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Nitash Zwaveling-Soonawala Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Robert de Jonge Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit & University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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A.S. Paul van Trotsenburg Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Anita Boelen Endocrine Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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). CH-C, central congenital hypothyroidism; FP, false-positive; NBS, newborn screening; RI, reference interval; T4, thyroxine; TBG, thyroxine-binding globulin. All CH-C patients had a TBG concentration within or above the TBG RI, except for one

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Anita Boelen Endocrine Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Amsterdam Reproduction & Development Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Nitash Zwaveling-Soonawala Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Annemieke C Heijboer Endocrine Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Amsterdam Reproduction & Development Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Endocrine Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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A S Paul van Trotsenburg Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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affected to some degree. Central congenital hypothyroidism Central CH results from insufficient hypothalamic and/or pituitary stimulation of an otherwise normal thyroid gland resulting in low serum TH concentrations. The majority of central

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Yalan Hu Y Hu, Endocrine Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Locatie AMC, Amsterdam, 1105 AZ , Netherlands

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Lorraine Soares De Oliveira L Soares De Oliveira, Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, United States

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Kim Falize K Falize, Endocrine Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Locatie AMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands

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A S Paul van Trotsenburg A van Trotsenburg, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology. Emma children’s hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands., Amsterdam UMC Location AMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands

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Eric Fliers E Fliers, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands., Amsterdam UMC Location AMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands

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Joseph E Kaserman J Kaserman, Center for Regenerative Medicine (CReM) of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston Medical Center, Boston, United States

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Andrew A Wilson A Wilson, Center for Regenerative Medicine (CReM) of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston Medical Center, Boston, United States

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Anthony N Hollenberg A Hollenberg, Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, United States

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Eveline Bruinstroop E Bruinstroop, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC Locatie AMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands

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Anita Boelen A Boelen, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1000 GG, Netherlands

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Background:

Mutations in TBL1X, part of the NCoR1/SMRT corepressor complex, were identified in patients with hereditary X-linked central congenital hypothyroidism and associated hearing loss. The role of TBL1X in thyroid hormone (TH) action, however, is incompletely understood. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of TBL1X on T3 regulated gene expression in two human liver cell models.

Methods:

A human hepatoma cell line (HepG2) wherein TBL1X was down regulated using siRNAs, and human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived hepatocytes (iHeps) generated from individuals with a TBL1X N365Y mutation. Both cell types were treated with increasing concentrations of T3. The expression of T3 regulated genes was measured by qPCR.

Results:

KLF9, CPT1A and PCK1 mRNA expression was higher upon T3 stimulation in the HepG2 cells with decreased TBL1X expression compared to controls, while DIO1 mRNA expression was lower. Hemizygous TBL1X N365Y iHeps exhibited decreased expression of CPT1A, G6PC1, PCK1, FBP1 and ELOVL2 compared to cells with the heterozygous TBL1X N365Y, but KLF9 and HMGCS2 expression was unaltered.

Conclusion:

Downregulation of TBL1X in HepG2 cells and the TBL1X N365Y variant in iHeps have differential effects on T3 regulated gene expression. This suggests that TBL1X may play a gene context role in thyroid hormone TH action.

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Heleen I Jansen Department of Laboratory Medicine, Endocrine Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Boelelaan, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Department of Laboratory Medicine, Endocrine Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Marije van Haeringen Department of Laboratory Medicine, Endocrine Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Department of Computer Science, Vrije Universiteit, Boelelaan, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Marelle J Bouva Reference Laboratory Neonatal Screening, Center for Health protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands

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Wendy P J den Elzen Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory Specialized Diagnostics & Research, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Eveline Bruinstroop Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Catharina P B van der Ploeg TNO - Child Health, Sylviusweg, Leiden, The Netherlands

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A S Paul van Trotsenburg Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Nitash Zwaveling-Soonawala Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Annemieke C Heijboer Department of Laboratory Medicine, Endocrine Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Boelelaan, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Department of Laboratory Medicine, Endocrine Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Amsterdam Reproduction & Development Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Annet M Bosch Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Department of Pediatrics, Division of Metabolic Disorders, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Robert de Jonge Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Department of Laboratory Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Boelelaan, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Department of Laboratory Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Mark Hoogendoorn Department of Computer Science, Vrije Universiteit, Boelelaan, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Anita Boelen Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Department of Laboratory Medicine, Endocrine Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Amsterdam Reproduction & Development Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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central congenital hypothyroidism by using 95% reference intervals for thyroxine-binding globulin . European Thyroid Journal 2021 10 222 – 229 . ( https://doi.org/10.1159/000513516 ) 4 Boelen A Zwaveling-Soonawala N Heijboer AC & van Trotsenburg

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Hiroyuki Iwaki Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital, Hamamatsu, Japan

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Kenji Ohba Medical Education Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan

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Eisaku Okada Department of Community Health and Preventive Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan

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Takeshi Murakoshi Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal and Perinatal Care Center, Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital, Hamamatsu, Japan

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Yumiko Kashiwabara Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital, Hamamatsu, Japan

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Chiga Hayashi Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital, Hamamatsu, Japan

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Akio Matsushita Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan

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Shigekazu Sasaki Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan

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Takafumi Suda Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan

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Yutaka Oki Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Hamamatsu-Kita Hospital, Hamamatsu, Japan

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Rieko Gemma Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital, Hamamatsu, Japan

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range treated with low-dosage ATDs. The undertreatment of maternal hyperthyroidism has been reported to result in central congenital hypothyroidism [ 20 ]. Accordingly, we propose to replace the present statement in the guidelines with the following

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Claire L Wood Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Great North Children’s Hospital, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK

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Niamh Morrison Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Great North Children’s Hospital, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK

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Michael Cole Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Baddiley-Clark Building, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK

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Malcolm Donaldson Department of Child Health, University of Glasgow School of Medicine, Glasgow, UK

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David B Dunger Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK

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Ruth Wood Newcastle Clinical Trials Unit, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK

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Simon H S Pearce Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
Department of Endocrinology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK

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Timothy D Cheetham Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Great North Children’s Hospital, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK

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on behalf of the British Society for Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes (BSPED)

Wiedijk BM Endert E de Vijlder JJ Vulsma T . Disturbance of the fetal thyroid hormone state has long-term consequences for treatment of thyroidal and central congenital hypothyroidism . Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 2005 90

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Giorgio Radetti Marienklinik, Bolzano, Italy

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Franco Rigon Department of Paediatrics, University of Padua, Padua, Italy

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Alessandro Salvatoni Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy

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Irene Campi Division of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases and Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy

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Tiziana De Filippis Division of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases and Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy

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Valentina Cirello Division of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases and Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy

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Silvia Longhi Department of Paediatrics, Regional Hospital of Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy

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Fabiana Guizzardi Division of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases and Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy

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Marco Bonomi Division of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases and Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy

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Luca Persani Division of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases and Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy

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congenital hypothyroidism . Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 2005 90 4094 – 4100 . ( https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2005-0197 ) 3 Bagattini B Cosmo CD Montanelli L Piaggi P Ciampi M Agretti P Marco GD Vitti P Tonacchera M

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Emilie Brûlé Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada

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Xiang Zhou Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada

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Ying Wang Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada

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Evan R S Buddle Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada

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Luisina Ongaro Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada

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Mary Loka Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada

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Anita Boelen Endocrine Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology & Metabolism Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Daniel J Bernard Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada

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authors reviewed the manuscript and approved it for submission. References 1 Lauffer P Zwaveling-Soonawala N Naafs JC Boelen A & van Trotsenburg ASP . Diagnosis and management of central congenital hypothyroidism . Frontiers in

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Luca Persani Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
Division of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy

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Georg Brabant Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology Medical Clinic I – University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany

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Mehul Dattani Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom

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Marco Bonomi Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
Division of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy

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Ulla Feldt-Rasmussen Department of Medical Endocrinology and Metabolism, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Eric Fliers Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Annette Gruters Department for Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany

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Dominique Maiter Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, UCL Cliniques Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium

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Nadia Schoenmakers University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital and National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom

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A.S. Paul van Trotsenburg Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Emma Children’s Hospital, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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–1565. 29 Koulouri O, Nicholas AK, Schoenmakers E, Mokrosinski J, Lane F, Cole T, Kirk J, Farooqi IS, Chatterjee VK, Gurnell M, Schoenmakers N: A novel thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor missense mutation (P81R) in central congenital hypothyroidism. J

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Irene Campi Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy

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Marco Dell’Acqua Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy

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Elisa Stellaria Grassi Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy

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Maria Cristina Vigone Department of Paediatrics, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy

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Luca Persani Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy

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fetal thyroid hormone state has long-term consequences for treatment of thyroidal and central congenital hypothyroidism . Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 2005 90 4094 – 4100 . ( https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2005-0197 ) 58 Radetti G

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