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Luigi Bartalena Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy

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Wilmar M. Wiersinga Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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, edema of caruncle, conjunctival hyperemia, chemosis, could be considered, if based on comparison with a color picture atlas, as objective manifestations and, therefore, be included in the CRO. In other words, a new 5-item Clinical Activity Score (CAS

Article Type:
Review Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1159/000510700
Volume/Issue:
Volume 9: Issue 1_Suppl
Free access
Kenneth Ka Hei Lai Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China

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Fatema Mohamed Ali Abdulla Aljufairi Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
Department of Ophthalmology, Salmaniya Medical Complex, Government Hospitals, Bahrain

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Jake Uy Sebastian Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
Department of Ophthalmology, Vicente Sotto Memorial Medical Center, Cebu City, Philippines

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Yingying Wei Department of Statistics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China

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Ruofan Jia Department of Statistics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China

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Karen Kar Wun Chan Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China

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Elaine Yuen Ling Au Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Pathology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China

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Alan Chun Hong Lee Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China

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Chiu Ming Ng Department of Medicine, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China

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Hunter Kwok Lai Yuen Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
Hong Kong Eye Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China

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Wilson Wai Kuen Yip Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China

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Alvin Lerrmann Young Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China

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George Pak Man Cheng Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China

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Clement Chee Yung Tham Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
Hong Kong Eye Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China

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Chi Pui Pang Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China

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Kelvin Kam Lung Chong Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
Hong Kong Eye Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China

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followed up for at least 12 months. Outcome measures Clinical Activity Score (CAS) was used to assess the disease activity clinically ( 18 ). Gorman diplopia score was used to score diplopia: 1, no diplopia; 2, gaze-evoked diplopia; 3, intermittent

Article Type:
Research Article
Collections:
Thyroid function tests
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/ETJ-23-0129
Volume/Issue:
Volume 13: Issue 4
Open access
Jacopo Manso Department of Medicine (DIMED), Endocrinology Unit, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Padua University Hospital, Padua, Italy

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Simona Censi Department of Medicine (DIMED), Endocrinology Unit, University of Padua, Padua, Italy

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Cristina Clausi Department of Medicine (DIMED), Endocrinology Unit, University of Padua, Padua, Italy

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Ilaria Piva Department of Medicine (DIMED), Endocrinology Unit, University of Padua, Padua, Italy

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Yi Hang Zhu Department of Medicine (DIMED), Endocrinology Unit, University of Padua, Padua, Italy

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Alberto Mondin Department of Medicine (DIMED), Endocrinology Unit, University of Padua, Padua, Italy

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Maria Chiara Pedron Department of Medicine (DIMED), Endocrinology Unit, University of Padua, Padua, Italy

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Susi Barollo Department of Medicine (DIMED), Endocrinology Unit, University of Padua, Padua, Italy

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Loris Bertazza Department of Medicine (DIMED), Endocrinology Unit, University of Padua, Padua, Italy

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Giulia Midena Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy

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Raffaele Parrozzani Department of Ophthalmology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy

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Caterina Mian Department of Medicine (DIMED), Endocrinology Unit, University of Padua, Padua, Italy

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TED into mild, moderate-to-severe and sight-threatening. The most recent EUGOGO guidelines confirm the clinical activity score (CAS), proposed by Mourits et al. ( 9 ), as the best-validated scoring system for evaluating disease activity ( 7 ). TED is

Article Type:
Research Article
Collections:
Thyroid autoimmunity
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/ETJ-23-0083
Volume/Issue:
Volume 12: Issue 5
Open access
Nora Dehina Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin
Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany

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Peter Josef Hofmann Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin

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Thomas Behrends Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin

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Anja Eckstein Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany

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Lutz Schomburg Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin

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-1860). The diagnosis of GO as well as the TRAK and IGF1R-aAB measurements have been described earlier [ 5 , 8 ]. The clinical activity score (CAS) and the severity of eye changes (NOSPECS) were determined according to previously published classification

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1159/000442440
Volume/Issue:
Volume 5: Issue 1
Free access
Murat Faik Erdoğan Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Ankara University Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey

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Özgür Demir Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Ankara University Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey

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Reyhan Ünlü Ersoy Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Yıldırım Beyazıt University Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey

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Kamile Gül Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Yıldırım Beyazıt University Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey

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Berna İmge Aydoğan Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Ankara University Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey

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Ziynet Alphan Üç Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey

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Türkan Mete Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Ankara Numune Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey

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Sibel Ertek Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Ufuk University Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey

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Uğur Ünlütürk Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Ankara University Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey

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Bekir Çakır Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Yıldırım Beyazıt University Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey

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Yalçın Aral Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey

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Serdar Güler Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Ankara Numune Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey

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Sevim Güllü Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Ankara University Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey

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Demet Çorapçıoğlu Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Ankara University Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey

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Selçuk Dağdelen Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Hacettepe University Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey

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Gürbüz Erdoğan Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Ufuk University Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey

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developed in the last 6 months 2 Thyroid volume ≥15 ml 3 No previous treatment except local interventions for GO 4 GO activity defined as clinical activity score (CAS) ≥3 and carrying at least one of the following criteria: proptosis ≥21 mm in one

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1159/000444796
Volume/Issue:
Volume 5: Issue 2
Free access
Elena Sabini Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrinology Units, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

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Ilaria Ionni Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrinology Units, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

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Roberto Rocchi Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrinology Units, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

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Paolo Vitti Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrinology Units, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

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Claudio Marcocci Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrinology Units, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

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Michele Marinò Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrinology Units, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

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had a lagophthalmos in the right eye, a clinical activity score according to Mourits et al. [ 11 ] of 3/7 points (with mild palpebral edema, conjunctival redness, and chemosis, only in the right eye), a normal visual acuity, and a reduction of motility

Article Type:
Case Report
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1159/000479629
Volume/Issue:
Volume 7: Issue 1
Free access
Peter Laurberg Department of Endocrinology, Aalborg University Hospital, and Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark

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fortification of salt. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2012;97:2325-2332. 10.1210/jc.2012-1275 22518849 10 Mourits MP, Prummel MF, Wiersinga WM, Koornneef L: Clinical activity score as a guide in the management of patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy. Clin

Article Type:
Editorial
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1159/000442245
Volume/Issue:
Volume 5: Issue 1
Free access
Sofie Jespersen Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark

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Birte Nygaard Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark

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Lars Østergaard Kristensen Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark

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cessation of treatment (see below). The results were collected in January 2015. The patients were diagnosed with hyperthyroidism and GO with a clinical activity score ≥4 [ 7 ]. None of the patients had previously been treated with glucocorticoids. None of

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1159/000440834
Volume/Issue:
Volume 4: Issue 4
Free access
Elena Sabini Endocrinology Units, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

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Marenza Leo Endocrinology Units, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

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Barbara Mazzi Endocrinology Units, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

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Roberto Rocchi Endocrinology Units, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

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Francesco Latrofa Endocrinology Units, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

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Marco Nardi Ophthalmopathy Unit I, Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

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Paolo Vitti Endocrinology Units, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

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Claudio Marcocci Endocrinology Units, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

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Michele Marinò Endocrinology Units, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

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total of 99 consecutive patients seen in our GO Clinic between 2010 and 2014 were enrolled. All patients underwent an ophthalmological examination, which included: (i) exophthalmometry; (ii) evaluation of the clinical activity score (CAS) according to

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1159/000477803
Volume/Issue:
Volume 6: Issue 5
Free access
Christophe Ghys Department of Endocrinology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Belgium

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Michel Depierreux Departments of Pathology, Brussels, Belgium

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Elçin Ozalp Departments of Nuclear Medicine, CHU Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium

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Brigitte Velkeniers Department of Endocrinology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Belgium

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corticosteroids, the lymph nodes decreased in size and the orbitopathy clinical activity score improved, with a significant decrease in inflammatory disease demonstrated by MRI. Nevertheless, the firm thyroid enlargement persisted. Case Report A 50-year

Article Type:
Case Report
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1159/000369204
Volume/Issue:
Volume 3: Issue 4
Free access