Claudia Matta-Coelho
Claudia Matta-Coelho
Serviço de Endocrinologia, Hospital de Braga, Braga, Portugal
Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Porto, Portugal
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Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Porto, Portugal
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Joana Simões-Pereira
Joana Simões-Pereira
Serviço de Endocrinologia, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, Lisbon, Portugal
Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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Helena Vilar
Helena Vilar
Serviço de Endocrinologia, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, Lisbon, Portugal
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Valeriano Leite
Valeriano Leite
Serviço de Endocrinologia, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, Lisbon, Portugal
Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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) present with distant disease at diagnosis, and 7–23% develop metastatic disease during follow-up [ 4 ]. These metastases occur mainly in the lungs and bone and decrease the patient’s 10-year survival rate by 50% [ 5 ]. Overall, bone metastases (BM) occur
M. Schlumberger
M. Schlumberger
Department of Nuclear Medicine and Endocrine Oncology, Institute Gustave-Roussy and University Paris Sud, Villejuif, France
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L. Bastholt
L. Bastholt
Department of Oncology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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H. Dralle
H. Dralle
Department of Surgery, Martin Luther University, Halle-Wittenberg Medical Faculty, Halle/Saale, Germany
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B. Jarzab
B. Jarzab
MSC Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Gliwice, Poland
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F. Pacini
F. Pacini
Department of Endocrinologia, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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J.W.A. Smit
J.W.A. Smit
Department of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
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(MTC) accounts for less than 5% of all thyroid cancers [ 1 , 5 ]. Distant metastases are observed at presentation in 7–23% of MTC patients [ 1 , 5 ] and can be imaged with standardized protocols [ 6 ]. Symptomatic clinical disease will occur in one to
Lars Folkestad
Lars Folkestad
Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Frans Brandt
Frans Brandt
Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital of Southern Jutland, Sønderborg, Denmark
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Thomas Brix
Thomas Brix
Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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Marianne Vogsen
Marianne Vogsen
Department of Oncology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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Lars Bastholt
Lars Bastholt
Department of Oncology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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Peter Grupe
Peter Grupe
Department of Nuclear Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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Jeanette Krogh Petersen
Jeanette Krogh Petersen
Department of Clinical Pathology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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Laszlo Hegedüs
Laszlo Hegedüs
Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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[ 11 - 14 ]. Theoretically, TRAB, due to stimulation of thyroid tissue, could not only induce thyroid malignancy but also make a tumor and/or distant metastases develop more aggressively. Patients diagnosed with GD within a short period of time after
Daniela Cavaco
Daniela Cavaco
Department of Endocrinology, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, Lisbon, Portugal
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Sara Carvalhal
Sara Carvalhal
Department of General Surgery, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, Lisbon, Portugal
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Valeriano Leite
Valeriano Leite
Department of Endocrinology, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, Lisbon, Portugal
NOVA Medical School/ Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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NOVA Medical School
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life. Metastatic papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) with cutaneous metastases may cause pain, ulceration, and bleeding. Novel Insights ECT seems to be a safe and effective technique and may be an option for local palliative
Ana Piñar-Gutiérrez
Ana Piñar-Gutiérrez
UGC Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, España
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Ana R Romero-Lluch
Ana R Romero-Lluch
UGC Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, España
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Suset Dueñas-Disotuar
Suset Dueñas-Disotuar
UGC Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, España
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Irene de Lara-Rodríguez
Irene de Lara-Rodríguez
UGC Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, España
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María Ángeles Gálvez-Moreno
María Ángeles Gálvez-Moreno
Servicio de Endocrinología, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, España
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Tomás Martín-Hernández
Tomás Martín-Hernández
Servicio de Endocrinología, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Sevilla, España
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Jorge García-Alemán
Jorge García-Alemán
Servicio de Endocrinología, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, España
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Guillermo Martínez-de Pinillos
Guillermo Martínez-de Pinillos
Servicio de Endocrinología, Hospital Universitario Virgen de Valme, Sevilla, España
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Elena Navarro-González
Elena Navarro-González
UGC Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, España
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Introduction Bone metastases (BMs) are infrequent in differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC), occurring in 2–13% of the cases. It has been estimated that BMs occur in 7–28% of follicular carcinomas and 1.4–7% of papillary carcinomas, although
Luciana Puleo
Luciana Puleo
Endocrine Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
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Laura Agate
Laura Agate
Endocrine Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
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Irene Bargellini
Irene Bargellini
Department of Vascular and Interventional Radiology
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Giuseppe Boni
Giuseppe Boni
Regional Center of Nuclear Medicine
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Paolo Piaggi
Paolo Piaggi
Endocrine Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
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Claudio Traino
Claudio Traino
Regional Center of Nuclear Medicine
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Tommaso Depalo
Tommaso Depalo
Regional Center of Nuclear Medicine
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Giulia Lorenzoni
Giulia Lorenzoni
Department of Vascular and Interventional Radiology
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Francesca Bianchi
Francesca Bianchi
Regional Center of Nuclear Medicine
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Duccio Volterrani
Duccio Volterrani
Regional Center of Nuclear Medicine
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Sandra Brogioni
Sandra Brogioni
Endocrine Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
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Valeria Bottici
Valeria Bottici
Endocrine Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
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Maurizia Rossana Brunetto
Maurizia Rossana Brunetto
Hepatology Unit, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Barbara Coco
Barbara Coco
Hepatology Unit, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Eleonora Molinaro
Eleonora Molinaro
Endocrine Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
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Rossella Elisei
Rossella Elisei
Endocrine Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
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be achieved in those MTC with an early diagnosis and treatment ( 1 , 2 , 3 ). Nevertheless, about 10% of patients have distant metastases at diagnosis and this is the subgroup with the worst prognosis ( 4 ). According to the American Thyroid
Filipe Pereira
Filipe Pereira
Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Multidisciplinary Unit for Biomedical Research (UMIB), ICBAS, University of Porto, Porto
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Sofia S. Pereira
Sofia S. Pereira
Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Multidisciplinary Unit for Biomedical Research (UMIB), ICBAS, University of Porto, Porto
Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (I3S), Universidade do Porto
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Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (I3S), Universidade do Porto
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Marta Mesquita
Marta Mesquita
Serviço de Anatomia Patológica, Instituto Português Oncologia de Lisboa, Francisco Gentil, Lisbon
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Tiago Morais
Tiago Morais
Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Multidisciplinary Unit for Biomedical Research (UMIB), ICBAS, University of Porto, Porto
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Madalena M. Costa
Madalena M. Costa
Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Multidisciplinary Unit for Biomedical Research (UMIB), ICBAS, University of Porto, Porto
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Pedro Quelhas
Pedro Quelhas
Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (I3S), Universidade do Porto
Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica (INEB), Universidade do Porto, Porto
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Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica (INEB), Universidade do Porto, Porto
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Carlos Lopes
Carlos Lopes
Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP)
Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto
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Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto
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Mariana P. Monteiro
Mariana P. Monteiro
Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Multidisciplinary Unit for Biomedical Research (UMIB), ICBAS, University of Porto, Porto
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Valeriano Leite
Valeriano Leite
Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
Serviço de Endocrinologia, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa, Francisco Gentil, Lisbon, Portugal
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Serviço de Endocrinologia, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa, Francisco Gentil, Lisbon, Portugal
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metastases has been found to correlate with intratumoral but not with peritumoral LVD [ 11 ]. Except for Eloy et al. [ 13 ], all studies were hampered by the fact that PTCs with different metastization patterns, such as the classical and follicular variants
Francesca Orsolini
Francesca Orsolini
Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrine Unit, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Alessandro Prete
Alessandro Prete
Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrine Unit, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Pierpaolo Falcetta
Pierpaolo Falcetta
Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrine Unit, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Domenico Canale
Domenico Canale
Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrine Unit, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Fulvio Basolo
Fulvio Basolo
Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Greta Alì
Greta Alì
Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Francesca Manassero
Francesca Manassero
Division of Urology, Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Paolo Vitti
Paolo Vitti
Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrine Unit, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Rossella Elisei
Rossella Elisei
Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrine Unit, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Eleonora Molinaro
Eleonora Molinaro
Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrine Unit, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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). In 30–50% of the cases, MTC is accompanied by metastases in cervical and/or paratracheal lymph nodes, and the tumor spreads also to the upper and anterior mediastinal lymph nodes. Distant metastases are present at the diagnosis in 10–15% of patients
Fernanda Andrade
Fernanda Andrade
Department of Medicine, Endocrinology Service, Instituto Nacional do Cancer (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Department of Medicine, Endocrinology Service, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Department of Medicine, Endocrinology Service, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Danielle Probstner
Danielle Probstner
Department of Orthopedics and palliative care, Instituto Nacional do Cancer (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Marcus Decnop
Marcus Decnop
Department of Radiology, Instituto Nacional do Cancer (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Daniel Bulzico
Daniel Bulzico
Department of Medicine, Endocrinology Service, Instituto Nacional do Cancer (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Denise Momesso
Denise Momesso
Department of Medicine, Endocrinology Service, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Rossana Corbo
Rossana Corbo
Department of Medicine, Endocrinology Service, Instituto Nacional do Cancer (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Department of Medicine, Endocrinology Service, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Department of Medicine, Endocrinology Service, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Mario Vaisman
Mario Vaisman
Department of Medicine, Endocrinology Service, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Fernanda Vaisman
Fernanda Vaisman
Department of Medicine, Endocrinology Service, Instituto Nacional do Cancer (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Department of Medicine, Endocrinology Service, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Department of Medicine, Endocrinology Service, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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be affected in up to 70–90% of cases [ 2 , 3 ]. Among differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC), it is the second most frequent site of distant metastases. Incidence may vary from 2 to 13% [ 4 ], influenced by the degree of differentiation and histologic
Laura Agate
Laura Agate
Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Francesca Bianchi
Francesca Bianchi
Unit of Endocrine and Oncological Nuclear Medicine Therapy, Diagnostic and Imaging Department, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Federica Brozzi
Federica Brozzi
Unit of Endocrine and Oncological Nuclear Medicine Therapy, Diagnostic and Imaging Department, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Pierina Santini
Pierina Santini
Unit of Endocrine and Oncological Nuclear Medicine Therapy, Diagnostic and Imaging Department, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Eleonora Molinaro
Eleonora Molinaro
Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Valeria Bottici
Valeria Bottici
Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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David Viola
David Viola
Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Loredana Lorusso
Loredana Lorusso
Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Paolo Vitti
Paolo Vitti
Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Rossella Elisei
Rossella Elisei
Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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supraclavear node compartments were evaluated for the presence of suspicious disease recurrence or persistence. In suspicious lymph node metastases, a fine-needle aspiration biopsy with Tg measurement in the needle washout was performed. 131 I
