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Jesper Roed Sorensen Department of ORL Head and Neck Surgery, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
OPEN, Odense Patient Data Explorative Network, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark

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Jeppe Faurholdt Lauridsen Department of Nuclear Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark

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Helle Døssing Department of ORL Head and Neck Surgery, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark

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Nina Nguyen Department of Radiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark

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Laszlo Hegedüs Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark

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Steen Joop Bonnema Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark

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Christian Godballe Department of ORL Head and Neck Surgery, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark

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Introduction Benign nodular goiter is common in the adult population [ 1 ]. While iodization programs and alterations in smoking behavior have reduced the impact of the major environmental triggers, awareness of therapeutic modalities remains

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Steen J. Bonnema Departments of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense

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Elisabeth S. Stovgaard Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology Q7642, Rigshospitalet

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Søren Fast Departments of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense

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Kasper Broedbaek Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology Q7642, Rigshospitalet

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Jon T. Andersen Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology Q7642, Rigshospitalet

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Allan Weimann Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology Q7642, Rigshospitalet

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Peter Grupe Departments of Nuclear Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense

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Laszlo Hegedüs Departments of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense

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Henrik E. Poulsen Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology Q7642, Rigshospitalet
Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Bispebjerg Hospital
Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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is unrevealed, and we therefore investigated the oxidative stress burden by these urinary markers in patients treated with 131 I for benign nodular goiter. In addition, we evaluated whether stimulation of the thyroid gland by rhTSH, per se and in

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Irene Campi Division of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases and Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Milan, Italy

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Maura Agostini Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom

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Federica Marelli Division of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases and Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Milan, Italy

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Tiziana de Filippis Division of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases and Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Milan, Italy

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Beatriz Romartinez-Alonso Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Leicester Institute of Structural and Chemical Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom

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Odelia Rajanayagam Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom

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Giuditta Rurale Division of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases and Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Milan, Italy

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Ilaria Gentile Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy

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Federica Spagnolo Unit of Endocrinology, University Hospital “G. Martino”, Messina, Italy

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Massimiliano Andreasi Laboratorio Analisi Cliniche, Centro di Ricerche e Tecnologie Biomediche, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Cusano Milanino, Italy

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Francesco Ferraù Unit of Endocrinology, University Hospital “G. Martino”, Messina, Italy
Department of Human Pathology of Adulthood and Childhood, University of Messina, Messina, Italy

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Salvatore Cannavò Unit of Endocrinology, University Hospital “G. Martino”, Messina, Italy
Department of Human Pathology of Adulthood and Childhood, University of Messina, Messina, Italy

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Laura Fugazzola Division of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases and Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Milan, Italy
Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy

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Krishna V. Chatterjee Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom

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Luca Persani Division of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases and Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Milan, Italy
Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy

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be highly variable even in RTHβ patients belonging to the same family, with some cases that can be disclosed by the failure to suppress TSH during levothyroxine treatment for nodular goiter. Introduction Thyroid hormone resistance

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Katarzyna Pelewicz Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland

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Rafał Wolny Department of Interventional Cardiology and Angiology, National Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland

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Tomasz Bednarczuk Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland

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Piotr Miśkiewicz Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland

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functioning nodular goiters are at higher risk of developing this dysfunction [ 3 ]. The risk of goiter development is higher in the area of iodine deficiency [ 4 ]. Deficient iodine intake may impact the secretion of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), causing

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Emilio Fiore Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Endocrinology Unit 1, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

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Francesco Latrofa Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Endocrinology Unit 1, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

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Paolo Vitti Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Endocrinology Unit 1, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

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survey of 1995 (10.3 vs. 34.0%). The overall prevalence of nodular goiter was not significantly different in the two surveys, but when age was taken into account, its frequency was significantly lower in 2010 than in 1995 in subjects aged 26-35 years (3

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Filip Alsted Brinch Department of ORL Head & Neck Surgery and Audiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark

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Helle Døssing Department of ORL Head & Neck Surgery and Audiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark

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Nina Nguyen Department of Radiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark

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Steen Joop Bonnema Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark

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Laszlo Hegedüs Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark

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Christian Godballe Department of ORL Head & Neck Surgery and Audiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark

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Jesper Roed Sorensen Department of ORL Head & Neck Surgery and Audiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
OPEN, Odense Patient Data Explorative Network, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark

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esophageal compression before and after thyroid surgery, and to correlate these findings with changes in goiter symptoms. Materials and Methods Participants Patients with symptomatic benign nodular goiter scheduled for thyroid surgery were

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Lucia Russo Department of Medicine, DIMED, Internal Medicine 3, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
Department of Endocrinology, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium

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Thi Ngoc Huyen Nguyen Department of Endocrinology, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium

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Aglaia Kyrilli Department of Endocrinology, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium

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Martin Robin Department of Nuclear Medicine, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium

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Pierre Bel Lassen Department of Urology, Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium

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Rodrigo Moreno-Reyes UMRS 1166 (Inserm), Paris, France

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Bernard Corvilain Department of Endocrinology, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium

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file. Patients and Biochemical Analysis Patients were eligible for inclusion in this study if they had eSCH due to nodular goiter. This was confirmed by the simultaneous presence of all 3 following criteria: TSH <0.4 mUI/L with normal fT4 and fT

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Tomasz Bednarczuk Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland

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Thomas H. Brix Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark

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Wolfgang Schima Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Goettlicher Heiland Krankenhaus, Barmherzige Schwestern Krankenhaus, and Sankt Josef Krankenhaus, Vienna, Austria

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Georg Zettinig Schilddruesenpraxis Josefstadt, Vienna, Austria

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George J. Kahaly Department of Medicine I, Johannes Gutenberg University (JGU) Medical Center, Mainz, Germany

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that patients with euthyroid nodular goiter had almost 5-fold higher risk of ICM-induced TD than patients without thyroid nodule(s), including Hyper (HR 5.77, CI 2.64–12.62) and Hypo (HR 4.95, CI 2.15–11.40) [ 16 ]. A retrospective cohort study of

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Thea Riis Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark

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Steen Joop Bonnema Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark

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Thomas Heiberg Brix Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark

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Lars Folkestad Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark

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.e. Graves’ disease (GD) and toxic nodular goiter (TNG), the localization of cancer, sex, and age when hyperthyroidism was first diagnosed. Methods Data sources The study cohort was created using the Danish Civil Registration System and The Danish

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Fabio Maino Department of Medical, Surgical and Neurological Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy

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Cristina Dalmiglio Department of Medical, Surgical and Neurological Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy

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Nicoletta Benenati Department of Medical, Surgical and Neurological Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy

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Michele Campanile Department of Medical, Surgical and Neurological Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy

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Tania Pilli Department of Medical, Surgical and Neurological Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy

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Raffaella Forleo Department of Medical, Surgical and Neurological Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy

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Lucia Brilli Department of Medical, Surgical and Neurological Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy

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Cristina Ciuoli Department of Medical, Surgical and Neurological Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy

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Silvia Cantara Department of Medical, Surgical and Neurological Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy

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Marco Capezzone Department of Medical, Surgical and Neurological Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy

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Alessandra Cartocci Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy

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Furio Pacini Humanitas Clinical Institute, Humanitas University, Rozzano, Italy

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Maria Grazia Castagna Department of Medical, Surgical and Neurological Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy

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-neoplastic (nodular goiter (NG) and AIT) and neoplastic thyroid diseases (DTC). Materials and Methods Study Population We retrospectively evaluated 3,250 (2,546 females and 704 males, mean age 57 ± 14 years, range 8–94 years) consecutive patients with

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