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). Germline RET mutations are present in up to 10% of patients with apparently sporadic MTCs ( 5 , 10 ). European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) guidelines recommend that screening for RET mutations should be strongly considered in all patients with
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What Is Known about This Topic? • To date, there is only one report of a double RET mutation, i.e. V804M/Y806C, in a patient with the MEN 2B phenotype. • Previous in vitro studies have suggested that these double mutations are on the same
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Established facts Paraneoplastic Cushing’s syndrome is dangerous and can be life-threatening. There are few results regarding the efficacy of RET inhibitor treatment in medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) with RET mutation
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determined to exclude secondary hyperparathyroidism (QOE = ++; SOR = score 1). (c) If the RET mutational status cannot be obtained before surgery, the 24-hour urinary catecholamine and metanephrine measurements should be necessarily performed to exclude
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.Tyr826Ser as predisposing RET variant. Patients with a compound heterozygosity of an established pathogenic RET mutation in combination with this novel variant seem to be at a higher risk of developing FMTC. The malignant risk of patients carrying
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patients carrying different somatic RET mutations or RET wild type, and with RET-mutated cell lines (Fig. 3 ). Fig. 2. Histological and immunohistochemical features of the present case. a Thyroid follicles were documented within the lesion and
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Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is a rare but aggressive thyroid tumor, with 25% of hereditary and 75% of sporadic forms. RET mutations are found in 98% of hereditary MTC and in 55% of sporadic MTC ( 1 ). The most frequent somatic RET
Endocrinology Service, Department of Medicine, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Endocrinology Service, Department of Medicine, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Endocrinology Service, Department of Medicine, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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diagnosis (54.8 vs. 44.4 years), had larger tumors as well as more frequently metastatic disease and higher calcitonin levels. The presence of a RET mutation showed no significance in this analysis. Table 2. Factors associated with progressive
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Department of Medicine, University of Alcalá de Henares, Madrid
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IdiSNA (Instituto de investigación en la salud de Navarra), Pamplona, Spain
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less complete thyroid surgery may fail to address fully the primary site of disease [ 69 ]. The Question of Prophylactic Thyroidectomy The specific RET mutation enables us to intervene in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 patients with a
Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Department of Medical Genetics, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
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Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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values at OUH < 2.1 and < 3.1 pmol/L and at HUH < 1.6 and < 2.2 pmol/L in females and males, respectively. In the present study, 3.0 pmol/L was used as the cutoff value for both sexes. RET mutation analysis followed international standards, using