Department of Pathology, General University Hospital of Ciudad Real, Ciudad Real, Spain
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Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Málaga, Spain
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The Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga and Platform in Nanomedicine (IBIMA-BIONAND Platform), University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
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The Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga and Platform in Nanomedicine (IBIMA-BIONAND Platform), University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
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Department of Pathology, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Málaga, Spain
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Department of Pathology, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Málaga, Spain
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Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Málaga, Spain
The Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga and Platform in Nanomedicine (IBIMA-BIONAND Platform), University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
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, 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ). A cytological diagnosis carries a certain risk of malignancy (ROM), which has implications for clinical recommendations. While FNA is an efficient and cost-effective diagnostic procedure, it is important to note that histological
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.8, 83.1, and 96.6%, respectively). Campanella et al. [ 10 ] reported similar findings, as the highest risk of malignancy was associated with a “taller-than-wide” shape (DOR of 10.2; 95% CI: 6.7–15.3), an absent halo sign (7.1; 95% CI: 3
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Santa Casa de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Fleury Medicina e Saúde, São Paulo, Brazil
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Fleury Medicina e Saúde, São Paulo, Brazil
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(< 10 mm in diameter) [ 8 - 10 ]. Some sonographic features, such as hypoechogenicity, the presence of microcalcifications, irregular margins, and a taller than wide shape, are used to evaluate the risk of malignancy, but these findings alone cannot be
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” diagnosis or Thy3 [ 8 , 9 ]. The reported risk of malignancy in this group is variable among different centers, ranging from 6 to 48% [ 10 ]. In this regard, the role of ultrasound has emerged as a practical and accurate tool in the risk stratification of
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clinically apparent thyroid nodules is between 5 and 15% [ 2 ]. Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) cytology has demonstrated high utility in the diagnosis of thyroid nodules. In an effort to stratify thyroid nodules according to risk of malignancy in a consistent
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diagnosis [ 6 - 8 ]. Another diagnostic problem concerns patients with thyrotoxicosis or multinodular goitre without a cold nodule by scintigraphy, in which case FNA is not performed due to low risk of malignancy or because the patient will be referred to
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between 1995 and 2005 increased more than threefold, and the number of MRIs more than doubled [ 13 ]. It follows, not surprisingly, that the number of FNAs has also increased correspondingly [ 13 ]. Risk of Malignancy according to the Way of
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biopsy should be accorded greater or lesser weight than the index AUS/FLUS diagnosis. The risk for malignancy of a nodule of initial AUS/FLUS status followed by benign status may lie somewhere between the risks of malignancy for the 2 individual
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Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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observational studies, mostly retrospective, have been conducted to identify the US features associated with the risk of malignancy in pediatric thyroid nodules. In 2016, they have been summarized in a meta-analysis reporting that the presence of internal
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recommendations emphasized that each institution should independently define the risk of malignancy in each of the indeterminate cytology categories of the Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology to guide clinicians and surgeons in choosing an