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Marine Sitbon Pharmacy Department, Hospital Saint-Louis APHP, Paris, France

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Porhuoy Chou Endocrine Oncology Department, Saint-Louis Hospital (AP-HP), Université Paris Cité, Paris, France

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Seydou Bengaly Endocrine Oncology Department, Saint-Louis Hospital (AP-HP), Université Paris Cité, Paris, France

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Brigitte Poirot Department of Molecular Oncology, Saint-Louis Hospital (AP-HP), Université Paris Cité INSERM U 944, CNRS UMR 7212, Paris, France

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Marie Laloi-Michelin Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Lariboisière APHP, Paris, France

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Laure Deville Pharmacy Department, Hospital Saint-Louis APHP, Paris, France

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Atanas Pachev Radiology Department, Saint-Louis Hospital (AP-HP), Université Paris Cité, Paris, France

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Ahouefa Kowo-Bille Endocrine Oncology Department, Saint-Louis Hospital (AP-HP), Université Paris Cité, Paris, France

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Clement Dumont Medical Oncology Department, Saint-Louis Hospital (AP-HP), Université Paris Cité, Paris, France

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Cécile N Chougnet Endocrine Oncology Department, Saint-Louis Hospital (AP-HP), Université Paris Cité, Paris, France

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. Novel insights Efficacy of selpercatinib in MTC-associated paraneoplastic Cushing’s syndrome. Selpercatinib elicits a rapid and long-lasting response in RET-mutated MTC with bone metastases in the first line. Introduction The

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Stéphane Bardet Department of Nuclear Medicine and Thyroid Unit, Centre François Baclesse, Caen, France

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Renaud Ciappuccini Department of Nuclear Medicine and Thyroid Unit, Centre François Baclesse, Caen, France

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Livia Lamartina Department of Nuclear Medicine and Endocrine Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France

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Sophie Leboulleux Department of Nuclear Medicine and Endocrine Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France

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Established facts Serum CT and CEA are valuable tumour markers in patients with MTC, which most often decrease in parallel after the initiation of efficient treatment. Selpercatinib (LOXO-292) is a highly selective RET kinase

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Carla Gambale C Gambale, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Endocrinology, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy

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Alessandro Prete A Prete, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Endocrinology, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy

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Chiara Romei C Romei, Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Unit of Radiology 2, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy

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Alessandro Celi A Celi, Department of Surgery, Medicine, Molecular Biology and Critical Care, Respiratory Pathophysiology Unit, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy

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Rossella Elisei R Elisei, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Endocrinology, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy

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Antonio Matrone A Matrone, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Endocrinology, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, 56124, Italy

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Highly selective RET inhibitor selpercatinib has demonstrated notable efficacy in advanced/progressive RET-mutant medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) patients. However, despite a more tolerable toxicity profile than multikinase inhibitors, peculiar adverse events (AEs) have been described. Obliterative bronchiolitis (OB) is a respiratory disease characterized by inflammation and fibrosis in small conducting airways. We evaluated a 70 years-old man with advanced RET-mutant MTC who developed OB during treatment with selpercatinib. Radiological features of OB occurred early and persisted during selpercatinib treatment, with a waxing and waning pattern. Notably, a partial response of MTC was achieved during the treatment and selpercatinib was never reduced or interrupted. The almost complete absence of symptoms and the fluctuating trend, without specific treatment for OB, suggested that it is necessary to carefully evaluate the risks mediated by this AE with the risks of modifying or discontinuing the anti-cancer therapy.

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Carla Colombo Endocrine Oncology Unit, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy
Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy

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Daniele Ceruti Department of Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy

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Massimiliano Succi Department of Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy

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Simone De Leo Endocrine Oncology Unit, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy

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Matteo Trevisan Endocrine Oncology Unit, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy
Department of Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy

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Claudia Moneta Department of Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy

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Laura Fugazzola Endocrine Oncology Unit, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy
Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy

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Europe, the multikinase inhibitors sorafenib, lenvatinib (LEN) and cabozantinib have been approved for RAI-R DTC, vandetanib (VAN) and cabozantinib for MTC, and the gene-targeted selpercatinib (SELP) and larotrectinib for cancers harbouring rearranged

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Markus Eszlinger Departments of Oncology, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Heritage Medical Research Building, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Halle (Saale), Halle (Saale), Germany

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Paul Stewardson Department of Medical Science and Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada

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John B McIntyre Precision Oncology Hub Laboratory, Alberta Health Services, Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada

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Adrian Box Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada

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Moosa Khalil Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada

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Martin Hyrcza Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada

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Konstantin Koro Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada

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Dean Ruether Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada

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Jiahui Wu Department of Medical Science and Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada

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Ralf Paschke Departments of Medicine, Oncology, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Heritage Medical Research Building, Calgary, Alberta, Canada

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metastatic, where surgery would result in severe morbidity, or where no satisfactory alternative therapy is available. The receptor tyrosine kinase (RET) inhibitors, selpercatinib and pralsetinib, were approved by the FDA for advanced or metastatic RET

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Ségolène Hescot Department of Drug Development and Innovation (D3i), Institut Curie, Paris, France

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Julien Masliah-Planchon Department of Genetics, Institut Curie, Paris, France

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Pauline du Rusquec Department of Drug Development and Innovation (D3i), Institut Curie, Paris, France

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Célia Dupain Department of Drug Development and Innovation (D3i), Institut Curie, Paris, France

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Maud Kamal Department of Drug Development and Innovation (D3i), Institut Curie, Paris, France

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Vincent Servois Department of Radiology, Institut Curie, Paris, France

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Ivan Bieche Department of Genetics, Institut Curie, Paris, France

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mutation occurs in codon M918, reported in up to 90% of RET-positive MTC cases ( 2 ). Selpercatinib and pralsetinib, tyrosine-kinase inhibitors with high specificity for RET protein, recently obtained FDA approval for the treatment of lung and thyroid

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Camille Buffet Department of Thyroid Pathologies and Endocrine Tumors, AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Groupe de Recherche Clinique n°16 Tumeurs Thyroïdiennes, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
UMR9019, Genome Integrity and Cancers, CNRS, Villejuif, France

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Sophie Leboulleux Department of Nuclear Medicine and Endocrine Oncology, Gustave Roussy Institut, Villejuif, France

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Françoise Kraeber-Bodéré Nuclear Medicine Department, Université de Nantes, CHU de Nantes, CNRS, Inserm, CRCINA, Nantes, France
CHU Nantes/ICO, Saint-Herblain, France

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Caroline Bodet-Milin Nuclear Medicine Department, Université de Nantes, CHU de Nantes, CNRS, Inserm, CRCINA, Nantes, France
CHU Nantes/ICO, Saint-Herblain, France

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Laure Cabanes Department of Cardiology, APHP, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France
Université de Paris, Paris, France

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Anthony Dohan Radiology Department, Université de Paris, Paris, France
Department of Radiology, AP-HP, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France

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Pascal Leprince Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Sorbonne Université, AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France

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Martin Schlumberger UMR9019, Genome Integrity and Cancers, CNRS, Villejuif, France
Department of Nuclear Medicine and Endocrine Oncology, Gustave Roussy Institute, Villejuif, France

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Olivier Huillard Université de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
Department of Medical Oncology, AP-HP, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France

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Lionel Groussin INSERM Unité 1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
Université de Paris, Paris, France
Department of Endocrinology, AP-HP, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France

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performed on brain metastases. The patient was included in a phase 1–2 trial evaluating the highly specific RET inhibitor selpercatinib [ 9 ]. Five weeks after selpercatinib initiation, the patient developed a confusional state. The MRI performed 8 days

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Jihwan Yoo Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea

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Hee Jun Kim Department of Surgery, CHA Ilsan Medical Center, Cha University School of Medicine, Goyang-si, Republic of Korea

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Seok Mo Kim Department of Surgery, Thyroid Cancer Center, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Institute of Refractory Thyroid Cancer, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea

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Hun Ho Park Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea

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( 26 ). In the open-label, phase 1/2 clinical trial, 20 RET-fusion-positive thyroid cancer patients were included, showing an overall response rate (ORR) of 89% ( 30 ). Wirth et al . reported a comparable response rate in a selpercatinib study, with an

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Pepijn van Houten Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands

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James Nagarajah Roentgeninstitut Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands

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Janneke E W Walraven Department of Medical Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands

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Martin Jaeger Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands

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Adriana C H van Engen-van Grunsven Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands

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Johannes W Smit Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands

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Romana T Netea-Maier Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania

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inhibitors dabrafenib and vemurafenib, MEK inhibitors trametinib and selumetinib, RET inhibitor selpercatinib, and TRK inhibitor larotrectinib) regarding the enhancement of RAI uptake in RAI-refractory NMTC patients. Although these results are promising

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Abdul Rehman Syed University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada

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Aakash Gorana Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada

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Erik Nohr Alberta Precision Laboratories, Molecular Pathology Program, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada

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Xiaoli-Kat Yuan Precision Oncology Hub Laboratory, Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada

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Parthiv Amin MASc Department of Radiology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary Alberta, Canada

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Sana Ghaznavi Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada

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Debbie Lamb Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada

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John McIntyre Precision Oncology Hub Laboratory, Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada

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Markus Eszlinger Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, and Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada

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Ralf Paschke Departments of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Oncology, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada

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). Recently, this strategy was extended to rarer oncogenic fusion genes like RET and NTRK1/2/3 rearrangements using the RET inhibitor selpercatinib and the NTRK inhibitor larotrectinib ( 6 , 8 , 9 ). The first instance of RAI uptake restoration leading

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