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Rudolf Hoermann Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum Luedenscheid, Luedenscheid, Germany

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John E.M. Midgley North Lakes Clinical, Ilkley, UK

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Rolf Larisch Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum Luedenscheid, Luedenscheid, Germany

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Johannes W. Dietrich Medical Department I, Endocrinology and Diabetology, Bergmannsheil University Hospitals, Ruhr University of Bochum
Ruhr Center for Rare Diseases (CeSER), Ruhr University of Bochum and Witten/Herdecke University, Bochum, Germany

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with the amount of hormone required for their proper functioning. The basal unstimulated production rate of the thyroid gland is insufficient by itself to maintain healthy concentrations of thyroid hormones. Only through appropriate glandular

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1159/000447967
Volume/Issue:
Volume 5: Issue 3
Free access
Kerstin Krause Division of Endocrinology and Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Germany

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Juliane Weiner Division of Endocrinology and Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Germany

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Sebastian Hönes Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany

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Nora Klöting Division of Endocrinology and Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Germany
IFB Adiposity Diseases, Leipzig University Medical Centre, Leipzig, Germany

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Eddy Rijntjes Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany

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John T. Heiker Division of Endocrinology and Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Germany

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Claudia Gebhardt Division of Endocrinology and Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Germany

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Josef Köhrle Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany

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Dagmar Führer Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany

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Karen Steinhoff Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, Germany

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Swen Hesse Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, Germany
IFB Adiposity Diseases, Leipzig University Medical Centre, Leipzig, Germany

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Lars C. Moeller Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany

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Anke Tönjes Division of Endocrinology and Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Germany

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Introduction Thyroid hormones (TH) regulate a variety of physiological processes, including growth and development, and are potent regulators of metabolism throughout life [ 1 , 2 ]. TH status correlates with body weight and energy expenditure

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1159/000437304
Volume/Issue:
Volume 4: Issue 1_Suppl
Free access
Jan Calissendorff Department of Clinical Science and Education, Section of Endocrinology, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Sweden

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Emil Mikulski Department of Medicine, Mälarsjukhuset, Eskilstuna, Sweden
Centre for Clinical Research in Sörmland, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden

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Erik H. Larsen National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Søborg, Denmark

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Marika Möller Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Danderyd Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
Centre for Clinical Research in Sörmland, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden

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factors, smoking and female gender increase the risk [ 2 ]. Thyroid receptor antibodies (TRAb) activate the thyroid hormone receptors and thereby enhance thyroxine synthesis. This antibody is also a marker for the disease, together with elevated thyroid

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1159/000381768
Volume/Issue:
Volume 4: Issue 2
Free access
João Sérgio Neves Unidade de Investigação Cardiovascular, Departamento de Cirurgia e Fisiologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal

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Ricardo Fontes-Carvalho Unidade de Investigação Cardiovascular, Departamento de Cirurgia e Fisiologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
Department of Cardiology, Centro Hospitalar Gaia/Espinho, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal

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Marta Borges-Canha Unidade de Investigação Cardiovascular, Departamento de Cirurgia e Fisiologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal

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Ana Rita Leite Unidade de Investigação Cardiovascular, Departamento de Cirurgia e Fisiologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal

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Sandra Martins Department of Clinical Pathology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal
EPIUnit – Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal

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Ana Oliveira Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal

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João Tiago Guimarães Department of Clinical Pathology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal
Department of Biomedicine, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
EPIUnit – Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal

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Davide Carvalho Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal
Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal

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Adelino Leite-Moreira Unidade de Investigação Cardiovascular, Departamento de Cirurgia e Fisiologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal

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Ana Azevedo EPIUnit – Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
Departamento de Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses e Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal

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understanding other mechanisms of cardiovascular dysfunction [ 5 , 6 ]. Thyroid hormones play a critical role in cardiovascular system development and homeostasis [ 7 ]. Both overt hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism contribute to a high risk of

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1159/000508407
Volume/Issue:
Volume 10: Issue 2
Free access
Bharath Bachimanchi Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences, Tirupati, India

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Suresh Vaikkakara Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences, Tirupati, India

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Alok Sachan Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences, Tirupati, India

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Ganji Praveen Kumar Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences, Tirupati, India

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Ashok Venkatanarasu Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences, Tirupati, India

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Palaparti Sai Krishna Chaitanya Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences, Tirupati, India

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Bekkem Sreedivya Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences, Tirupati, India

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Ravi Poojari Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences, Tirupati, India

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. Molecular basis of thyrotropin and thyroid hormone action during implantation and early development . Hum Reprod Update . 2014 Nov-Dec ; 20 ( 6 ): 884 – 904 . 10.1093/humupd/dmu028 24943836 1355-4786 16 Aghajanova L , Lindeberg M

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1159/000495563
Volume/Issue:
Volume 8: Issue 3
Free access
Rob Janssen Laboratory for Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Alice Muller Laboratory for Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Warner S. Simonides Laboratory for Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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, and increased levels of circulating thyroid hormones all result in a higher hemodynamic load to which the heart responds with cardiomyocyte hypertrophy [ 1 ]. The resulting increase in ventricular mass normalizes wall stress, maintaining adequate

Article Type:
Review Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1159/000469708
Volume/Issue:
Volume 6: Issue 3
Open access
Dagmar Führer Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany

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Klaudia Brix Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jacobs University Bremen, Bremen, Germany

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Heike Biebermann Institut für Experimentelle Pädiatrische Endokrinologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany

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Introduction Thyroid hormones (TH) are critical in all phases of life and thus for development as well as for maintenance of homeostasis. The connection between thyroid dysfunction and disorders of the central nervous system (CNS), the

Article Type:
Editorial
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1159/000431318
Volume/Issue:
Volume 4: Issue 1_Suppl
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Graham R. Williams Molecular Endocrinology Group, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK

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Regulation of Thyroid Hormone Action Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Thyroid Axis The thyroid gland produces mainly the pro-hormone T4 (3,5,3′,5′- L -tetraiodothyronine, thyroxine) but also secretes smaller amounts of the active hormone T3 (3

Article Type:
Review Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1159/000345548
Volume/Issue:
Volume 2: Issue 1
Free access
Anita Kinne Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany

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Melanie Wittner Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany

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Eva K. Wirth Institut für Experimentelle Endokrinologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany

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Katrin M. Hinz Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany

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Ralf Schülein Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany

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Josef Köhrle Institut für Experimentelle Endokrinologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany

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Gerd Krause Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany

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Introduction Thyroid hormones are essential for processes such as the development of the human brain, growth and metabolism [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. For their intracellular availability thyroid hormones are transported across cell membranes by a variety

Article Type:
Review Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1159/000381542
Volume/Issue:
Volume 4: Issue 1_Suppl
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Josef Köhrle Institut für Experimentelle Endokrinologie, Charité Campus Virchow-Klinikum (CVK), Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany

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avoid thyroid hormone (TH) intoxication, tachycardia, and excessive body temperature [2]. 1 L-thyroxine (L-T4) is among the top 10 medically prescribed drugs worldwide, or ranking top in wealthy societies with affordable health systems. L-T4 is one of

Article Type:
Review Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1159/000497141
Volume/Issue:
Volume 8: Issue 3
Free access