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Tereza Planck Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
Department of Endocrinology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden

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Bushra Shahida Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden

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Johan Malm Department of Translational Medicine, Section for Clinical Chemistry, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden

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Jonas Manjer Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
Department of Surgery, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden

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Introduction In recent years, the extraskeletal effects of vitamin D have been extensively studied. Vitamin D deficiency is linked to a variety of autoimmune disorders, including autoimmune thyroid disease [ 1 ]. Genetic variation in genes

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Isabelle Clinckspoor Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven

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Anne-Catherine Gérard Pôle de Morphologie, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain

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Jacqueline Van Sande IRIBHM, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels

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Marie-Christine Many Pôle de Morphologie, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain

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Lieve Verlinden Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven

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Roger Bouillon Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven

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Geert Carmeliet Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven

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Chantal Mathieu Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven
Department of Endocrinology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

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Annemieke Verstuyf Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven

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Brigitte Decallonne Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven
Department of Endocrinology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

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Introduction 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 [1,25(OH) 2 D 3 ], the active form of vitamin D, is mainly known for its effects on calcium and phosphate homeostasis with bone, intestine and kidney as principal target tissues. However, 1,25(OH) 2 D 3

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Emilie Sonne-Holm Department of Otorhinolaryngology Surgery, Rigshospitalet University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Christoffer Holst Hahn Department of Otorhinolaryngology Surgery, Rigshospitalet University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Medical Journal 2015;62:A5157. 26522481 3 Alhefdhi A, Mazeh H, Chen H: Role of postoperative vitamin D and/or calcium routine supplementation in preventing hypocalcemia after thyroidectomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Oncologist 2013

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Muhammad Fahad Arshad Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK

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Amardass Dhami Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK

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Gillian Quarrell Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK

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Saba Prakash Balasubramanian Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK

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Introduction Hypoparathyroidism is defined as low calcium levels in presence of inappropriately normal or low parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels ( 1 ). It is commonly treated with calcium and activated vitamin D supplements, which makes it the

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N. Papanikolaou Department of Endocrinology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK

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P. Perros Department of Endocrinology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK

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[ 14 ]. The coexistence of Graves’ disease and myasthenia gravis is rare but well recognized [ 9 , 15 ]. Polymyositis has also been associated with Graves’ disease [ 8 , 16 ]. On the other hand, increasing evidence indicates that vitamin D plays an

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Caroline M J van Kinschot Department of Internal Medicine, Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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Ivona Lončar Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, Department of Surgical Oncology and Gastrointestinal Surgery, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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Tessa M van Ginhoven Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, Department of Surgical Oncology and Gastrointestinal Surgery, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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W Edward Visser Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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Robin P Peeters Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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Charlotte van Noord Department of Internal Medicine, Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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the Thyroid Network Study Group †
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the Thyroid Network Study Group

management are absent. The optimal treatment strategy is much debated in literature ranging from prophylactic calcium with or without active vitamin D supplementation in all thyroidectomy patients to selective supplementation based on biochemical parameters

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Salvatore Benvenga Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Italy
Master Program on Childhood, Adolescent and Women's Endocrine Health, University of Messina School of Medicine, Italy
Interdepartmental Program of Molecular and Clinical Endocrinology, and Women's Endocrine Health, University Hospital Policlinico G. Martino, Messina, Italy

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Roberto Vita Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Italy

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Flavia Di Bari Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Italy

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Poupak Fallahi Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

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Alessandro Antonelli Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

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carbonate and 7,000 IU/week of vitamin D 3 because of borderline low calcemia (8.0 mg/dl, 2.0 mmol/l). She was referred because 1 month earlier her serum TSH had reached 7.0 mU/l (reference range: 0.25-4.0) under 150 μg/day (2.3 μg/kg body weight/day) of L

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Luba Freja Michaelsson Department of Endocrinology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Jeppe Lerche  la Cour Department of Endocrinology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Bjarke Borregaard Medici Department of Endocrinology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Torquil Watt Department of Endocrinology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Jens Faber Department of Endocrinology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Birte Nygaard Department of Endocrinology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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the symptoms, e.g., depression abnormal levels of vitamin D, hemoglobin, calcium, cobalamin, liver and renal function tests, blood glucose, or an insufficient corticotropin stimulation test The participants were treated with L-T 4 /L-T 3

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Roberto Negro Division of Endocrinology, ‘V. Fazzi' Hospital, Lecce

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Roberto Attanasio Endocrinology Service, Galeazzi Institute IRCCS, Milan

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Franco Grimaldi Endocrinology and Metabolic Disease Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria ‘S. Maria della Misericordia', Udine

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Rinaldo Guglielmi Department of Endocrinology, Regina Apostolorum Hospital, Albano Laziale, Italy

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Enrico Papini Department of Endocrinology, Regina Apostolorum Hospital, Albano Laziale, Italy

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patients undergoing thyroidectomy, 98.4% of endocrinologists would like to restore euthyroidism before surgery, and Lugol's solution would be used in 35.9% of cases. After surgery, 53.6% would prescribe calcium and vitamin D supplementation regardless of

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Flora Veltri Department of Endocrinology, CHU Saint-Pierre, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium

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Kris Poppe Department of Endocrinology, CHU Saint-Pierre, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium

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highest in women with other backgrounds than Sa or African-American [ 35 , 36 , 45 ]. Low vitamin D levels have been linked with the presence of TAI [for review, cf 64 ]. However, in the Belgian context, low vitamin D levels were equally distributed

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