Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Department of Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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assays have recently become more sensitive and a new cutoff of 15 μg/dL has been proposed ( 23 , 24 , 25 ), we calculated the prevalence of PAI accordingly. To avoid false-positive and/or false-negative results for renin and aldosterone measurement
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LDT at 30 min was judged by a CL set at 497 nmol/l [ 16 ]. The assays of levels of cortisol, ACTH, aldosterone, TSH, and free thyroxine were performed by a commercial laboratory (Special Reference Laboratories SRL, Hachioji, Japan). Blood for
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Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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-angiotensin system activity. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2009; 10: 216–229. 14 Cramon P, Bonnema SJ, Bjorner JB, Ekholm O, Feldt-Rasmussen U, Frendl DM, Groenvold M, Hegedus L, Rasmussen AK, Watt T: Quality of life in patients with benign nontoxic
Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal
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Department of Cardiology, Centro Hospitalar Gaia/Espinho, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
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Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal
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EPIUnit – Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Department of Biomedicine, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
EPIUnit – Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Departamento de Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses e Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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tachycardic effects appear to be dependent on direct cardiac electrophysiological effects [ 49 - 51 ] and β-adrenergic stimulation [ 52 ], while the volume overload is probably mediated by peripheral vasodilation with compensatory activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone
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, high triiodothyronine levels enhance cardiac contractility. Furthermore, triiodothyronine lowers systemic vascular resistance by acting on the vascular smooth muscle cells. Via the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, blood volume and therefore cardiac