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Berglind Jonsdottir Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden

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Markus Lundgren Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden

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Sara Wallengren Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden

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Åke Lernmark Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden

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Ida Jönsson Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden

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Helena Elding Larsson Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden

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, characterized by the presence of TPOAb, TGAb, or both, in combination with suppressed thyroid function, is by far more common than Graves’ hyperthyroidism [ 2 ]. Childhood autoimmune hypothyroidism is more common in girls, with peak incidence in early or mid

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1159/000479964
Volume/Issue:
Volume 6: Issue 6
Free access
Christiaan F Mooij Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands

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Timothy D Cheetham Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK

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Frederik A Verburg Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands

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Anja Eckstein Department of Ophthalmology, University Duisburg Essen, Essen, Germany

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Simon H Pearce Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
Endocrine Unit, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK

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Juliane Léger Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Reference Center for Rare Endocrine Growth and Development Diseases, Endo-ERN HCP, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Robert Debré University Hospital, University of Paris, NeuroDiderot Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris, France

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A S Paul van Trotsenburg Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands

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evaluated by thyroid ultrasound, and proceed to cytological evaluation if indicated from the sonographic findings, or undergo total thyroidectomy (2,ØØOO). Prognosis • Young people diagnosed with GD, diagnosed and treated in childhood, may have a

Article Type:
Other
Collections:
Pediatric thyroid diseases
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/ETJ-21-0073
Volume/Issue:
Volume 11: Issue 1
Open access
Roberto Negro Division of Endocrinology, ‘V. Fazzi’ Hospital, Lecce, Italy

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Dear Sir, The results of the long awaited Antenatal Thyroid Screening and Childhood Cognitive Function study have finally been published in the New England Journal of Medicine after a preliminary presentation of findings at the

Article Type:
Letter
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1159/000338349
Volume/Issue:
Volume 1: Issue 2
Free access
Constance Xhaard U1018, Centre d'Epidémiologie et de Santé des Populations (CESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Villejuif, France
Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France

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Juan J. Lence-Anta National Institute of Oncology and Radiobiology (INOR), Havana, Cuba

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Yan Ren U1018, Centre d'Epidémiologie et de Santé des Populations (CESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Villejuif, France
Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France

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Françoise Borson-Chazot Groupement Hospitalier Lyon-Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Fédération d'Endocrinologie, Bron
Rhône-Alpes Thyroid Cancer Registry, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (UMR INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286), RTH Laennec Faculty of Medicine, University of Lyon, Lyon

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Geneviève Sassolas Rhône-Alpes Thyroid Cancer Registry, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (UMR INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286), RTH Laennec Faculty of Medicine, University of Lyon, Lyon

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Claire Schvartz Thyroid Cancer Registry of Champagne-Ardennes, Institut Jean Godinot, Reims

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Marc Colonna Cancer Registry of Isère, Meylan

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Brigitte Lacour Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
French National Registry of Childhood Solid Tumours, CHU, Nancy

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Arlette Danzon Cancer Registry of Doubs, EA 3181, Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon

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Michel Velten Cancer Registry of Bas-Rhin, EA 3430, Faculty of Medicine, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg

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Enora Clero U1018, Centre d'Epidémiologie et de Santé des Populations (CESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Villejuif, France
Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France

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Stéphane Maillard U1018, Centre d'Epidémiologie et de Santé des Populations (CESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Villejuif, France
Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France

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Emilie Marrer Cancer Registry of Haut-Rhin, Mulhouse Hospital, Mulhouse

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Laurent Bailly Public Health Department, University Hospital Nice, Nice

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Eugènia Mariné Barjoan Public Health Department, University Hospital Nice, Nice

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Martin Schlumberger Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France

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Jacques Orgiazzi Department of Endocrinology, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France

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Elisabeth Adjadj U1018, Centre d'Epidémiologie et de Santé des Populations (CESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Villejuif, France
Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France

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Celia M. Pereda National Institute of Oncology and Radiobiology (INOR), Havana, Cuba

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Silvia Turcios National Institute of Endocrinology, Cuba

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Milagros Velasco National Institute of Oncology and Radiobiology (INOR), Havana, Cuba

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Mae Chappe National Institute of Oncology and Radiobiology (INOR), Havana, Cuba

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Idalmis Infante National Institute of Oncology and Radiobiology (INOR), Havana, Cuba

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Marlene Bustillo National Institute of Oncology and Radiobiology (INOR), Havana, Cuba

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Anabel García National Institute of Oncology and Radiobiology (INOR), Havana, Cuba

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Sirced Salazar National Institute of Oncology and Radiobiology (INOR), Havana, Cuba

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Regla Rodriguez Cuban Public Health Ministry, Havana, Cuba

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Mohamed Amine Benadjaoud U1018, Centre d'Epidémiologie et de Santé des Populations (CESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Villejuif, France
Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France

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Rosa M. Ortiz National Institute of Oncology and Radiobiology (INOR), Havana, Cuba

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Carole Rubino U1018, Centre d'Epidémiologie et de Santé des Populations (CESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Villejuif, France
Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France

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Florent de Vathaire U1018, Centre d'Epidémiologie et de Santé des Populations (CESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Villejuif, France
Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France

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incidence. In addition to exposure to ionizing radiation during childhood or adolescence, which is the main established risk factor for DTC, a number of other risk factors are now well documented. These include anthropometric factors like height, BMI or body

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1159/000445887
Volume/Issue:
Volume 5: Issue 2
Free access
Yoon Young Cho Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Thyroid Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea

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Hye Won Jang Department of Medical Education, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea

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Ji Young Joung Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Thyroid Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea

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Sun-Mi Park Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Thyroid Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea

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Dae Joon Jeong Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Thyroid Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea

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Sun Wook Kim Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Thyroid Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea

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Jae Hoon Chung Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Thyroid Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea

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Introduction Childhood thyroid cancer is a rare malignancy, but its incidence has been gradually increasing according to several epidemiologic studies [ 1 , 2 ]. An increase in the incidence of childhood thyroid cancer (aged 0-14 years) was

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1159/000442047
Volume/Issue:
Volume 4: Issue 4
Free access
Salvatore Benvenga Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Italy
Master Program on Childhood, Adolescent and Women's Endocrine Health, University of Messina School of Medicine, Italy
Interdepartmental Program of Molecular and Clinical Endocrinology, and Women's Endocrine Health, University Hospital Policlinico G. Martino, Messina, Italy

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Roberto Vita Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Italy

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Flavia Di Bari Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Italy

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Poupak Fallahi Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

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Alessandro Antonelli Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

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Nephrotic syndrome increases <smlcap>L</smlcap>-thyroxine requirements because of urinary loss of free and protein-bound thyroid hormones. We report 2 hypothyroid patients referred to us because of high serum TSH, even though the <smlcap>L</smlcap>-thyroxine daily dose was maintained at appropriate levels or was increased. The cause of nephrotic syndrome was multiple myeloma in one patient and diabetic glomerulosclerosis in the other patient. As part of the periodic controls for diabetes, urinalysis was requested only in the second patient so that proteinuria could be detected. However, as in the first patient, facial puffiness and body weight increase were initially attributed to hypothyroidism, which was poorly compensated by <smlcap>L</smlcap>-thyroxine therapy. In the first patient, the pitting nature of the pedal edema was missed at the initial examination. An endocrinologist consulted over the phone by the practitioner hypothesized some causes of intestinal malabsorption of <smlcap>L</smlcap>-thyroxine. This diagnosis would have been accepted had the patient continued taking a known sequestrant of <smlcap>L</smlcap>-thyroxine, i.e. calcium carbonate. The diagnostic workup of patients with increasing requirements of <smlcap>L</smlcap>-thyroxine replacement therapy should not be concentrated on the digestive system alone. Careful history taking and physical examination need to be thorough. Endocrinologists should not forget nephrotic syndrome that, in turn, can be secondary to serious diseases.

Article Type:
Case Report
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1159/000381310
Volume/Issue:
Volume 4: Issue 2
Free access
Dillwyn Williams Department of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK

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gland. Together these suggest that the initial mutations in the cascade that results in the development of papillary thyroid cancer commonly occur in infancy or early childhood and that those cancers that have not achieved full immortality before

Article Type:
Review Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1159/000437263
Volume/Issue:
Volume 4: Issue 3
Free access
Graham R. Williams Molecular Endocrinology Group, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK

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expression of genes that control chondrocyte maturation and cartilage matrix synthesis, mineralization and degradation. Thyroid Hormone Effects on Linear Growth and Skeletal Development During childhood and adolescence, hypothyroidism causes growth

Article Type:
Review Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1159/000345548
Volume/Issue:
Volume 2: Issue 1
Free access
Yuwei Liu Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health (NCCH), Beijing, China

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Shengcai Wang Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health (NCCH), Beijing, China

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Yanzhen Li Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health (NCCH), Beijing, China

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Xuexi Zhang Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health (NCCH), Beijing, China

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Zhiyong Liu Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health (NCCH), Beijing, China

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Qiaoyin Liu Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health (NCCH), Beijing, China

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Nian Sun Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health (NCCH), Beijing, China

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Jie Zhang Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health (NCCH), Beijing, China

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Wentong Ge Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health (NCCH), Beijing, China

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Yongli Guo Beijing Key Laboratory for Pediatric Diseases of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health (NCCH), Beijing, China

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Yuanhu Liu Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health (NCCH), Beijing, China

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Xiaolian Fang Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health (NCCH), Beijing, China

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Tingting Ji Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health (NCCH), Beijing, China

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Jun Tai Children’s Hospital Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing, China

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Xin Ni Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health (NCCH), Beijing, China
Beijing Key Laboratory for Pediatric Diseases of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health (NCCH), Beijing, China

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Introduction Thyroid cancer is rare in the childhood period, the incidence in children is much lower than that in adults. In China, the incidence of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) in children is about 0.44 cases per 1,00,000 persons, and

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1159/000516830
Volume/Issue:
Volume 10: Issue 5
Free access
L.A. Jonker Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands

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C.A. Lebbink Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands

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M.C.J. Jongmans Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands

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R.A.J. Nievelstein Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
Department of Pediatric Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands

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J.H.M. Merks Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands

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E.J.M. Nieveen van Dijkum Department of Surgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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T.P. Links Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

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N. Hoogerbrugge Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands

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A.S.P. van Trotsenburg Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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H.M. van Santen Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands

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already present during childhood, whereas the risk of developing other types of cancer during childhood appears to be equal to that of the general population [ 2 ]. This may warrant periodic surveillance for DTC in affected children, and currently several

Article Type:
Review Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1159/000508872
Volume/Issue:
Volume 9: Issue 5
Open access