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Yiyun Cui Department of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China

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Jinlong Chen Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China

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Rui Guo Department of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China

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Ruize Yang Department of Public Health, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China

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Dandan Chen Department of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China

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Wei Gu Department of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China

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Francis Manyori Bigambo School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China

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Xu Wang Department of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China

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Introduction Graves' disease (GD) in children has attracted worldwide attention. Antithyroid drug (ATD) has been recommended by 2022 European Thyroid Association Guideline as the first-line therapy for GD children ( 1 ). Since propylthiouracil

Article Type:
Research Article
Collections:
Hyperthyroidism and thyrotoxicosis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/ETJ-23-0018
Volume/Issue:
Volume 12: Issue 3
Open access
Yuwei Liu Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health (NCCH), Beijing, China

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Shengcai Wang Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health (NCCH), Beijing, China

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Yanzhen Li Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health (NCCH), Beijing, China

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Xuexi Zhang Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health (NCCH), Beijing, China

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Zhiyong Liu Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health (NCCH), Beijing, China

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Qiaoyin Liu Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health (NCCH), Beijing, China

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Nian Sun Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health (NCCH), Beijing, China

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Jie Zhang Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health (NCCH), Beijing, China

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Wentong Ge Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health (NCCH), Beijing, China

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Yongli Guo Beijing Key Laboratory for Pediatric Diseases of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health (NCCH), Beijing, China

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Yuanhu Liu Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health (NCCH), Beijing, China

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Xiaolian Fang Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health (NCCH), Beijing, China

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Tingting Ji Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health (NCCH), Beijing, China

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Jun Tai Children’s Hospital Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing, China

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Xin Ni Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health (NCCH), Beijing, China
Beijing Key Laboratory for Pediatric Diseases of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health (NCCH), Beijing, China

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Introduction Thyroid cancer is rare in the childhood period, the incidence in children is much lower than that in adults. In China, the incidence of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) in children is about 0.44 cases per 1,00,000 persons, and

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1159/000516830
Volume/Issue:
Volume 10: Issue 5
Free access
L.A. Jonker Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands

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C.A. Lebbink Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands

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M.C.J. Jongmans Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands

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R.A.J. Nievelstein Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
Department of Pediatric Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands

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J.H.M. Merks Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands

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E.J.M. Nieveen van Dijkum Department of Surgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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T.P. Links Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

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N. Hoogerbrugge Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands

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A.S.P. van Trotsenburg Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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H.M. van Santen Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands

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already present during childhood, whereas the risk of developing other types of cancer during childhood appears to be equal to that of the general population [ 2 ]. This may warrant periodic surveillance for DTC in affected children, and currently several

Article Type:
Review Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1159/000508872
Volume/Issue:
Volume 9: Issue 5
Open access
Shirley Langham Departments of Endocrinology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Hospital for Children

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Peter Hindmarsh Developmental Endocrinology Research Group, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK

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Steven Krywawych Departments of Chemical Pathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Hospital for Children

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Catherine Peters Departments of Endocrinology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Hospital for Children
Developmental Endocrinology Research Group, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK

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ethnicity were recorded from the newborn screening card and checked on presentation to the Endocrine Team. For children tested in neonatal units, the Endocrine Team contacted the unit and advised on further management and blood monitoring. Treatment with

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1159/000350039
Volume/Issue:
Volume 2: Issue 3
Free access
John Lazarus Thyroid Research Group, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Cardiff University, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff

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Rosalind S. Brown Clinical Trials Research Division of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass., USA

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Chantal Daumerie Endocrinologie, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium

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Alicja Hubalewska-Dydejczyk Department of Endocrinology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland

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Roberto Negro Division of Endocrinology, V. Fazzi Hospital, Lecce, Italy

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Bijay Vaidya Department of Endocrinology, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital and University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK

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.2-0.5% in pregnancy and which will not be considered further in this guideline. In children the prevalence of SCH is less than 2% [ 5 ]. When considering SCH, it was agreed that the so-called isolated hypothyroxinaemia as a separate entity should also be

Article Type:
Guideline
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1159/000362597
Volume/Issue:
Volume 3: Issue 2
Free access
Yun Jeong Lee Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children’s Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea

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Young Hun Choi Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea

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Youn-Hee Lim Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Institute of Environmental Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Environmental Health Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea

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Bung-Nyun Kim Division of Children and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea

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Johanna Inhyang Kim Department of Psychiatry, Hanyang University Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea

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Yun-Chul Hong Institute of Environmental Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Environmental Health Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea

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Young Joo Park Department of Internal medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Department of Internal medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea

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Choong Ho Shin Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children’s Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea

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Sun Wook Cho Department of Internal medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Department of Internal medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea

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Young Ah Lee Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children’s Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea

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Introduction Adequate iodine intake is essential in growing children because both iodine deficiency and excess can adversely affect thyroid function ( 1 , 2 ). Thyroid volume (Tvol) and goiter rate have been regarded as indicators of the long

Article Type:
Research Article
Collections:
Environment and thyroid function
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/ETJ-23-0219
Volume/Issue:
Volume 12: Issue 6
Open access
Marta Taida García-Ascaso Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain

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Susana Ares Segura Servicio de Neonatología, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain

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Purificación Ros Pérez Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain

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Roi Piñeiro Pérez Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital General de Villalba, Madrid, Spain

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Marta Alfageme Zubillaga Servicio de Radiología, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain

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/day in children 9–13 years old, 150 µg/day in adolescents and adults, and 250–300 µg/day during pregnancy and lactation [ 1 ]. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), iodine deficiency affects more than 2 billion people worldwide, most of them

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1159/000499103
Volume/Issue:
Volume 8: Issue 4
Free access
Julia Ramalho Amalio da Silva Breder Endocrinology Department, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

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Paulo Alonso Garcia Alves Endocrinology Department, Instituto Nacional do Cancer do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

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Mario Lucio Araújo Pathology Department, Instituto Nacional do Cancer do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

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Barbara Pires Endocrinology Department, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

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Priscila Valverde Pathology Department, Instituto Nacional do Cancer do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

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Daniel Alves Bulzico Endocrinology Department, Instituto Nacional do Cancer do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

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Fernanda Andrade Accioly Endocrinology Department, Instituto Nacional do Cancer do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

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Rossana Corbo Endocrinology Department, Instituto Nacional do Cancer do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

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Mario Vaisman Endocrinology Department, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

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Fernanda Vaisman Endocrinology Department, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Endocrinology Department, Instituto Nacional do Cancer do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

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). Recent studies have reported an increased incidence of DTC in children and adolescents ( 1 , 3 ). Girls are responsible for the sharply increased incidence observed during adolescence, with the girl-to-boy ratio varying from 2:1 to 5:1 in this period ( 3

Article Type:
Research Article
Collections:
Pediatric thyroid diseases
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/ETJ-21-0090
Volume/Issue:
Volume 11: Issue 2
Open access
Annabel S. Zaat Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Joep P.M. Derikx Department of Pediatric Surgery, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Nitash Zwaveling-Soonawala Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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A.S. Paul van Trotsenburg Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Christiaan F. Mooij Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Introduction Graves’ disease (GD) is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism in both adults and children [ 1 ]. For patients with hyperthyroidism due to GD, there are 3 well-known and effective treatment options: antithyroid drugs (ATDs

Article Type:
Systematic Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1159/000511345
Volume/Issue:
Volume 10: Issue 1
Open access
Cengiz Kara Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Graduate Studies, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Istinye University, Istanbul, Turkey

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Jamala Mammadova Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Altinbas University Medicalpark Bahçelievler Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey

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Ümmet Abur Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Graduate Studies, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey

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Cagri Gumuskaptan Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Graduate Studies, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey

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Elif İzci Güllü Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey

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Ayhan Dağdemir Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Graduate Studies, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey

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Murat Aydın Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey

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children ( https://www.childmetrics.org/ ) ( 20 ). Thyroid volume s.d. scores were assessed according to age and gender-specific references ( 21 , 22 ) Data were expressed as mean (± s.d. ), median (interquartile range) or percentage (%), as appropriate

Article Type:
Research Article
Collections:
Hypothyroidism
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/ETJ-22-0212
Volume/Issue:
Volume 12: Issue 3
Open access