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impact of some thyroid parameters on pregnancy outcomes was different according to the foetal gender ( 7 , 8 , 9 ). In the study by Zhang et al. , the lowest percentiles of maternal free T4 (FT4) were associated with a higher birth weight in case of a
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ejaculation [ 34 ]. A large number of studies have demonstrated adverse effects of hypothyroidism on male fertility in foetal, early neonatal, or even adult life. Increased abnormalities in sperm morphology and motility have been described in case of
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associations of maternal thyroid function with foetal brain development: epidemiological interpretation and overview of available evidence . Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) . 2018 Apr ; 89 ( 2 ): 129 – 38 . 10.1111/cen.13724 29693263 0300-0664 2 Korevaar
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interaction with other enzyme systems [ 4 ]. The size of the thyroid gland is closely regulated during foetal development [ 5 ]. Abnormal thyroid size is often found in disease states and therefore thyroid volume was thought to correlate with thyroid gland
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management of Graves’ disease in pregnancy. Thyroid 1992;2:219–224. 10.1089/thy.1992.2.219 18 Laurberg P, Bournaud C, Karmisholt J, Orgiazzi J: Management of Graves’ hyperthyroidism in pregnancy: focus on both maternal and foetal thyroid function, and
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, Impact of TSH during the first trimester of pregnancy on obstetric and foetal complications: usefulness of 2.5 mIU/L cut-off value . Clinical Endocrinology 2018 88 728 – 734 . ( https://doi.org/10.1111/cen.13575 ) 5 Moleti M Trimarchi F
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-thyroid drugs such as methimazole or PTU during the foetal and neonatal period of vertebrates results in impairment of hepatic gene expression in adulthood [ 3 , 4 ]. DNA methylation, an epigenetic phenomenon, has been recognized as an interface between