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Laura Fugazzola Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy
Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy

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Maurilio Deandrea Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Department and Center for Thyroid Diseases, Ordine Mauriziano Hospital, Turin, Italy

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Stefano Borgato Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy

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Marco Dell’Acqua Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy

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Francesca Retta Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Department and Center for Thyroid Diseases, Ordine Mauriziano Hospital, Turin, Italy

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Alberto Mormile Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Department and Center for Thyroid Diseases, Ordine Mauriziano Hospital, Turin, Italy

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Chiara Carzaniga Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy

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Giacomo Gazzano Pathology Unit, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy

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Gabriele Pogliaghi Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy

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Marina Muzza Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy

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Luca Persani Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy
Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy

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treatment in advanced and infiltrative thyroid tumors ( 4 ). No specific recommendations are available regarding the use of RFA or other mini-invasive procedures in indeterminate nodules (Bethesda III and IV). According to the last Bethesda classification

Article Type:
Research Article
Collections:
Goiter and thyroid nodules
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/ETJ-24-0020
Volume/Issue:
Volume 13: Issue 3
Open access
Aly Bernard Khalil Imperial College London Diabetes Center, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates

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Roberto Dina Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom

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Karim Meeran Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom

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Ali M. Bakir Imperial College London Diabetes Center, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates

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Saf Naqvi Imperial College London Diabetes Center, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates

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Alia Al Tikritti Imperial College London Diabetes Center, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates

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Nader Lessan Imperial College London Diabetes Center, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates

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Maha T. Barakat Imperial College London Diabetes Center, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates

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the primary diagnostic tool for determining the nature of a thyroid nodule. Its yield increases if done under ultrasound guidance [ 2 - 7 ]. However, it fails to provide a conclusive result in a subset of patients, labeled as having an “indeterminate

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1159/000484600
Volume/Issue:
Volume 7: Issue 1
Free access
Ana Isabel Álvarez-Mancha Department of Medicine, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
Department of Pathology, General University Hospital of Ciudad Real, Ciudad Real, Spain

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Isabel Mancha-Doblas Department of Medicine, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Málaga, Spain

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María Molina-Vega Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Málaga, Spain
The Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga and Platform in Nanomedicine (IBIMA-BIONAND Platform), University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain

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Diego Fernández-García Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Málaga, Spain

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Ana María Gómez-Pérez Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Málaga, Spain
The Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga and Platform in Nanomedicine (IBIMA-BIONAND Platform), University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain

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Elena Gallego-Domínguez Department of Medicine, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
Department of Pathology, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Málaga, Spain

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María Victoria Ortega-Jiménez Department of Medicine, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
Department of Pathology, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Málaga, Spain

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Isabel Hierro-Martín Department of Pathology, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Málaga, Spain

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Francisco J Tinahones Department of Medicine, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Málaga, Spain
The Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga and Platform in Nanomedicine (IBIMA-BIONAND Platform), University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain

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study remains the ‘gold standard’ for accurate diagnosis of nodular lesions ( 10 ). One of the main limitations of this diagnostic test is the occurrence of indeterminate results, which are observed in approximately 20–30% of samples ( 11 , 12 ). False

Article Type:
Research Article
Collections:
Goiter and thyroid nodules
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/ETJ-24-0076
Volume/Issue:
Volume 13: Issue 3
Open access
Bülent Öcal Department of Otolaryngology, Ministry of Health Dışkapı Yıldırım Beyazıt Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey

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Mehmet Hakan Korkmaz Department of Otolaryngology, Yıldırım Beyazıt University Medical School, Ankara, Turkey

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Demet Yılmazer Department of Pathology, Ministry of Health Dışkapı Yıldırım Beyazıt Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey

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Tuğba Taşkın Türkmenoğlu Department of Pathology, Ministry of Health Dışkapı Yıldırım Beyazıt Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey

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Ömer Bayır Department of Otolaryngology, Ministry of Health Dışkapı Yıldırım Beyazıt Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey

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Güleser Saylam Department of Otolaryngology, Ministry of Health Dışkapı Yıldırım Beyazıt Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey

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Emel Çadallı Tatar Department of Otolaryngology, Ministry of Health Dışkapı Yıldırım Beyazıt Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey

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Sevilay Karahan Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey

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Erman Çakal Department of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health Dışkapı Yıldırım Beyazıt Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey

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recommendations emphasized that each institution should independently define the risk of malignancy in each of the indeterminate cytology categories of the Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology to guide clinicians and surgeons in choosing an

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1159/000494720
Volume/Issue:
Volume 8: Issue 2
Free access
Alexander Gorshtein Endocrine Institute, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikva, Israel
Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel

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Ilana Slutzky-Shraga Endocrine Institute, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikva, Israel
Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel

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Eyal Robenshtok Endocrine Institute, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikva, Israel
Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel

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Carlos Benbassat Endocrine Institute, Shamir Medical Center (Formerly Assaf Harofeh Medical Center), Beer Yaakov, Israel
Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel

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Dania Hirsch Endocrine Institute, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikva, Israel
Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel

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FNA and surgery [ 2 - 4 ]. In recent years, various molecular diagnostic tests have been implemented, aiming to improve the preoperative evaluation of ROM in cytologically indeterminate thyroid nodules and to prevent unnecessary thyroidectomies [ 5

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1159/000509037
Volume/Issue:
Volume 10: Issue 2
Free access
J L Reverter Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Germans Trias i Pujol Hospital and Research Institute, Badalona, Spain
Department of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

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L Ferrer-Estopiñan Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Germans Trias i Pujol Hospital and Research Institute, Badalona, Spain
Department of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

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F Vázquez Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Germans Trias i Pujol Hospital and Research Institute, Badalona, Spain
Department of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

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S Ballesta Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Germans Trias i Pujol Hospital and Research Institute, Badalona, Spain
Department of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

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S Batule Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Germans Trias i Pujol Hospital and Research Institute, Badalona, Spain
Department of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

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A Perez-Montes de Oca Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Germans Trias i Pujol Hospital and Research Institute, Badalona, Spain
Department of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

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C Puig-Jové Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Germans Trias i Pujol Hospital and Research Institute, Badalona, Spain
Department of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

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M Puig-Domingo Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Germans Trias i Pujol Hospital and Research Institute, Badalona, Spain
Department of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

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category of 'difficult-to-interpret' or indeterminate, were included in the study. Most of the features contributing to this category included a variable degree of hypogenicity, the differentiation of microcalcifications vs colloid artifacts, apparently

Article Type:
Research Article
Collections:
Goiter and thyroid nodules
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/ETJ-21-0023
Volume/Issue:
Volume 11: Issue 1
Open access
Catherine Brophy Departments of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Cork, Ireland

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Rania Mehanna Departments of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Cork, Ireland

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Julie McCarthy Departments of Cytopathology, Cork University Hospital, Cork, Ireland

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Antoinette Tuthill Departments of Endocrinology, Cork University Hospital, Cork, Ireland

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Matthew S. Murphy Departments of Endocrinology, South Infirmary Victoria University Hospital, Cork, Ireland

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Patrick Sheahan Departments of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Cork, Ireland

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-2, indeterminate as Thy-3, suspicious (for malignancy) as Thy-4, and malignant as Thy-5. Limitations of FNA arise for nodules which are reported as having an indeterminate cytology (Thy-3). While the majority of these cases transpire to be benign

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1159/000441221
Volume/Issue:
Volume 4: Issue 4
Free access
Aglaia Kyrilli Department of Endocrinology, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (H.U.B.)– Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Route de Lennik 808, Brussels, Belgium

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Nunzia Tacelli Department of Radiology, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (H.U.B.)– Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Route de Lennik 808, Brussels, Belgium

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Lucia Russo Department of Medicine, DIMED, Internal Medicine 3, University of Padua, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padova, Italy

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Laetitia Lebrun Department of Pathology, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (H.U.B.)– Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Route de Lennik 808, Brussels, Belgium

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Isabelle Salmon Department of Pathology, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (H.U.B.)– Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Route de Lennik 808, Brussels, Belgium

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Gilles Russ Thyroid and Endocrine Tumors, Institute of Endocrinology, Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Pierre et Marie Curie University, Paris, France

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Rodrigo Moreno-Reyes Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (H.U.B.)– Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Route de Lennik, Brussels, Belgium

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Bernard Corvilain Department of Endocrinology, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (H.U.B.)– Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Route de Lennik 808, Brussels, Belgium

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Technologies) as previously published ( 25 ). Of note, only exons 9 and 10 of the TSHR gene are included in the routine NGS analysis for cytologically indeterminate thyroid nodules in our centre. Thyroidectomy, as a treatment option, was discussed with the

Article Type:
Research Article
Collections:
Goiter and thyroid nodules
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/ETJ-23-0135
Volume/Issue:
Volume 12: Issue 6
Open access
Noha Mukhtar Department of Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

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Hadeel Aljamei Department of Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

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Abeer Aljomaiah Department of Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

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Yosra Moria Department of Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

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Ali S. Alzahrani Department of Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

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disease with suppressed serum Tg level <0.2 ng/mL or stimulated thyroglobulin (Tg) level of <1 ng/mL in the absence of anti-Tg antibodies (Abs) and negative imaging studies. An indeterminate response refers to a situation when residual or recurrent disease

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1159/000511708
Volume/Issue:
Volume 10: Issue 3
Free access
Min Ren Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China

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Qianlan Yao Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China

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Longlong Bao Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China

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Zhiting Wang Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China

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Ran Wei Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China

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Qianming Bai Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China

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Bo Ping Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China

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Cai Chang Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
Department of Ultrasound, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China

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Yu Wang Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China

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Xiaoyan Zhou Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China

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Xiaoli Zhu Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China

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malignant or benign categories, while approximately 20–30% of cases are cytologically indeterminate ( 6 ), presenting a dilemma for diagnosis and clinical management. In the updated Bethesda System, in addition to repeat FNA or diagnostic lobectomy

Article Type:
Research Article
Collections:
Genetics and omics in thyroidology
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/ETJ-21-0124
Volume/Issue:
Volume 11: Issue 3
Open access