Dominik Spira
Dominik Spira
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
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Nikolaus Buchmann
Nikolaus Buchmann
Department of Cardiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
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Marcus Dörr
Marcus Dörr
Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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Marcello R P Markus
Marcello R P Markus
Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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Matthias Nauck
Matthias Nauck
German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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Sabine Schipf
Sabine Schipf
Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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Joachim Spranger
Joachim Spranger
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
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Ilja Demuth
Ilja Demuth
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BCRT – Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin, Germany
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Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BCRT – Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin, Germany
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Elisabeth Steinhagen-Thiessen
Elisabeth Steinhagen-Thiessen
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
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Henry Völzke
Henry Völzke
German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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Till Ittermann
Till Ittermann
Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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intolerance and heightened insulin resistance ( 2 , 3 ). The effects of hypothyroidism on glucose metabolism appear to be complex and even puzzling since clinical findings point into seemingly contrasting directions: on the one hand, hypothyroidism is
Sangeetha Sirigiri
Sangeetha Sirigiri
Departments of Endocrinology, Tirupati, India
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Suresh Vaikkakara
Suresh Vaikkakara
Departments of Endocrinology, Tirupati, India
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Alok Sachan
Alok Sachan
Departments of Endocrinology, Tirupati, India
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P.V.L.N. Srinivasarao
P.V.L.N. Srinivasarao
Departments of Biochemistry, Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences, Tirupati, India
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Sunil Epuri
Sunil Epuri
Departments of Endocrinology, Tirupati, India
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Sailaja Anantarapu
Sailaja Anantarapu
Departments of Endocrinology, Tirupati, India
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Arun Mukka
Arun Mukka
Departments of Endocrinology, Tirupati, India
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Srinivasa Rao Chokkapu
Srinivasa Rao Chokkapu
Departments of Endocrinology, Tirupati, India
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Ashok Venkatanarasu
Ashok Venkatanarasu
Departments of Endocrinology, Tirupati, India
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Ravi Poojari
Ravi Poojari
Departments of Endocrinology, Tirupati, India
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Introduction Hypothyroidism, either subclinical or overt, has been associated with increased risk of coronary artery disease [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. It is also known to be associated with insulin resistance [ 4 ] and dyslipidemia [ 5 ] characterized by
Érique José F. Peixoto de Miranda
Érique José F. Peixoto de Miranda
Centro de Pesquisa Clínica, Hospital Universitário, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Márcio Sommer Bittencourt
Márcio Sommer Bittencourt
Centro de Pesquisa Clínica, Hospital Universitário, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Itamar S. Santos
Itamar S. Santos
Centro de Pesquisa Clínica, Hospital Universitário, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Paulo A. Lotufo
Paulo A. Lotufo
Centro de Pesquisa Clínica, Hospital Universitário, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Isabela M. Benseñor
Isabela M. Benseñor
Centro de Pesquisa Clínica, Hospital Universitário, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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individuals with TSH values exceeding 7.0 mIU/l, and particularly above 10 mIU/l [ 6 ]. In spite of this controversy, some studies have linked SCH with hypertension [ 7 ], obesity [ 8 ], dyslipidemia [ 9 ], metabolic syndrome [ 10 ], insulin resistance [ 10
Nandhini Lakshmana Perumal
Nandhini Lakshmana Perumal
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
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Jayakumar Selvi
Jayakumar Selvi
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
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Kalyani Sridharan
Kalyani Sridharan
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
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Jayaprakash Sahoo
Jayaprakash Sahoo
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
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Sadishkumar Kamalanathan
Sadishkumar Kamalanathan
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
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abnormal glucose tolerance and diabetes mellitus have been reported to occur in a significant proportion of patients with hyperthyroidism [ 2 ]. Several factors like changes in insulin resistance, beta-cell function, abnormal gastric emptying, and
Jorge Alberto Tapia-Martínez
Jorge Alberto Tapia-Martínez
Laboratorio de Metabolismo I, Departamento de Fisiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Colonia Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos, Delegación Gustavo A. Madero, Ciudad de México, México
Laboratorio 6, Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados-Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Delegación Tlalpan, Ciudad de México, México
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Laboratorio 6, Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados-Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Delegación Tlalpan, Ciudad de México, México
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Margarita Franco-Colín
Margarita Franco-Colín
Laboratorio de Metabolismo I, Departamento de Fisiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Colonia Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos, Delegación Gustavo A. Madero, Ciudad de México, México
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Vanessa Blas-Valdivia
Vanessa Blas-Valdivia
Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Departamento de Fisiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Colonia Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos, Delegación Gustavo A. Madero, Ciudad de México, México
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Edgar Cano-Europa
Edgar Cano-Europa
Laboratorio de Metabolismo I, Departamento de Fisiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Colonia Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos, Delegación Gustavo A. Madero, Ciudad de México, México
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to obtain the survival percentage. Determination of glucose tolerance and insulin resistance Tests were performed at the beginning of week 40 as 1 per day, after 6 h of fasting. For the insulin resistance test, each animal received 0.75 IU
Carolina Castro Porto Silva Janovsky
Carolina Castro Porto Silva Janovsky
Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Department of Medicine, Thyroid Outpatient Clinic, Division of Endocrinology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Department of Medicine, Thyroid Outpatient Clinic, Division of Endocrinology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Fernando H. Cesena
Fernando H. Cesena
Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Viviane Arevalo Tabone Valente
Viviane Arevalo Tabone Valente
Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Raquel Dilguerian de Oliveira Conceição
Raquel Dilguerian de Oliveira Conceição
Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Raul D. Santos
Raul D. Santos
Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Lipid Clinic Heart Institute (InCor), University of Sao Paulo Medical School Hospital, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Lipid Clinic Heart Institute (InCor), University of Sao Paulo Medical School Hospital, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Márcio Sommer Bittencourt
Márcio Sommer Bittencourt
Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, Brazil
School of Medicine, Faculdade Israelita de Ciências da Saúde Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Center for Clinical and Epidemiological Research, University Hospital, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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School of Medicine, Faculdade Israelita de Ciências da Saúde Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Center for Clinical and Epidemiological Research, University Hospital, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Introduction Thyroid hormones are involved in the regulation of body composition, lipid metabolism, and insulin resistance [ 1 - 6 ]. It is well known that hypothyroidism is associated with high levels of LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides
Maik Pietzner
Maik Pietzner
Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Berlin, Germany
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Georg Homuth
Georg Homuth
Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Berlin, Germany
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Kathrin Budde
Kathrin Budde
Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Berlin, Germany
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Ina Lehmphul
Ina Lehmphul
Institut für Experimentelle Endokrinologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Uwe Völker
Uwe Völker
Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Berlin, Germany
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Henry Völzke
Henry Völzke
Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Ernst Moritz Arndt University, Greifswald, Germany
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Matthias Nauck
Matthias Nauck
Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Berlin, Germany
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Josef Köhrle
Josef Köhrle
Institut für Experimentelle Endokrinologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Nele Friedrich
Nele Friedrich
Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Berlin, Germany
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metabolic effects when used as a pharmacological agent in animal studies. Administered to hypothyroid rats, 3,5-T 2 prevented and even reversed the severe consequences typically induced by a high-fat diet, like weight gain, insulin resistance or hepatic
K. Alexander Iwen
K. Alexander Iwen
Medizinische Klinik I, Experimentelle und Klinische Endokrinologie, Universität zu Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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Erich Schröder
Erich Schröder
Medizinische Klinik I, Experimentelle und Klinische Endokrinologie, Universität zu Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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Georg Brabant
Georg Brabant
Medizinische Klinik I, Experimentelle und Klinische Endokrinologie, Universität zu Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
Department of Endocrinology, The Christie Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
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Department of Endocrinology, The Christie Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
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insulin resistance as an essential causative factor, has been defined as the presence of visceral obesity with at least two of the following disorders: (1) raised triglyceride level or specific treatment, (2) reduced HDL cholesterol or specific treatment
Bushra Shahida
Bushra Shahida
Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
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Tereza Planck
Tereza Planck
Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
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Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
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Peter Åsman
Peter Åsman
Department of Clinical Sciences, Ophthalmology, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
Department of Ophthalmology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
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Department of Ophthalmology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
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Mikael Lantz
Mikael Lantz
Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
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Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
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supported by the association of the Thr92Ala SNP with psychological well-being and response to T3 or T4 treatment [ 11 ]. SNPs in DIO2 have been associated with obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes [ 12 - 16 ]; however, some studies could not
Ladan Mehran
Ladan Mehran
Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Atieh Amouzegar
Atieh Amouzegar
Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Hengameh Abdi
Hengameh Abdi
Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Negar Delbari
Negar Delbari
Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Elham Madreseh
Elham Madreseh
Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Maryam Tohidi
Maryam Tohidi
Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Mohammad Ali Mansournia
Mohammad Ali Mansournia
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Fereidoun Azizi
Fereidoun Azizi
Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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disrupted [ 38 ]. In contrast, other studies showed that higher serum TSH and lower serum FT4 levels were associated with increased insulin resistance markers [ 39 , 40 ] and elevated blood glucose levels [ 41 ], due to contribution of pathological pathways
