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Chantal A Lebbink Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital and Princess Máxima Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands

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Thera P Links Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

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Agnieszka Czarniecka The Oncologic and Reconstructive Surgery Clinic, M. Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology Gliwice Branch, Gliwice, Poland

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Renuka P Dias Department of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Birmingham Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom

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Rossella Elisei Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

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Louise Izatt Department of Clinical Genetics, Guy's and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom

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Heiko Krude Institute of Experimental Pediatric Endocrinology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany

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Kerstin Lorenz Department of Visceral, Vascular and Endocrine Surgery, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany

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Markus Luster Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Marburg, Marburg, Germany

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Kate Newbold Thyroid Therapy Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom

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Arnoldo Piccardo Department of Nuclear Medicine, EO Ospedali Galliera, Genoa, Italy

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Manuel Sobrinho-Simões University Hospital of São João, Medical Faculty and Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal

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Toru Takano Thyroid Center, Rinku General Medical Center, Osaka, Japan

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A S Paul van Trotsenburg Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Frederik A Verburg Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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Hanneke M van Santen Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital and Princess Máxima Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands

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Introduction Pediatric differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) is a rare disease; however, its worldwide incidence is rising ( 1 , 2 ). DTC comprises several histological subtypes, with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) accounting for the vast

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Christiaan F Mooij Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands

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Timothy D Cheetham Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK

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Frederik A Verburg Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands

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Anja Eckstein Department of Ophthalmology, University Duisburg Essen, Essen, Germany

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Simon H Pearce Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
Endocrine Unit, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK

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Juliane Léger Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Reference Center for Rare Endocrine Growth and Development Diseases, Endo-ERN HCP, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Robert Debré University Hospital, University of Paris, NeuroDiderot Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris, France

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A S Paul van Trotsenburg Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands

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) and thyroid surgery – the benefits and risks of each modality are different in the young. The European Thyroid Association (ETA) guideline addresses the etiology, diagnosis and prognosis of pediatric GD patients with and without orbitopathy and

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Julia Ramalho Amalio da Silva Breder Endocrinology Department, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

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Paulo Alonso Garcia Alves Endocrinology Department, Instituto Nacional do Cancer do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

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Mario Lucio Araújo Pathology Department, Instituto Nacional do Cancer do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

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Barbara Pires Endocrinology Department, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

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Priscila Valverde Pathology Department, Instituto Nacional do Cancer do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

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Daniel Alves Bulzico Endocrinology Department, Instituto Nacional do Cancer do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

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Fernanda Andrade Accioly Endocrinology Department, Instituto Nacional do Cancer do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

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Rossana Corbo Endocrinology Department, Instituto Nacional do Cancer do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

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Mario Vaisman Endocrinology Department, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

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Fernanda Vaisman Endocrinology Department, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Endocrinology Department, Instituto Nacional do Cancer do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

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). Previous studies have suggested some clinical differences between prepubertal and pubertal pediatric DTC. Prepubertal patients present with a greater prevalence of lymph node ( 4 , 5 ) and lung metastasis ( 6 ) at diagnosis than pubertal patients. At the

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Anita Boelen Endocrine Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Amsterdam Reproduction & Development Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Nitash Zwaveling-Soonawala Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Annemieke C Heijboer Endocrine Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Amsterdam Reproduction & Development Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Endocrine Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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A S Paul van Trotsenburg Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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studies on isolated central CH have been reported. Nebesio et al. evaluated retrospectively medical charts of children with central CH seen at a pediatric endocrinology department over a 17-year period, during which the study region’s screening consisted

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Annabel S. Zaat Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Joep P.M. Derikx Department of Pediatric Surgery, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Nitash Zwaveling-Soonawala Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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A.S. Paul van Trotsenburg Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Christiaan F. Mooij Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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and physicians, and depends on patient characteristics and preferences. Yet, for newly diagnosed pediatric GD patients, ATDs are predominantly first-line treatment in Europe and are generally well tolerated [ 2 , 3 ]. Unfortunately, the overall

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Sarah L. Lutterman Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Nitash Zwaveling-Soonawala Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Hein J. Verberne Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Frederik A. Verburg Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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A.S. Paul van Trotsenburg Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Christiaan F. Mooij Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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first-line treatment modality in newly diagnosed pediatric GD patients [ 3 - 5 ]. Unfortunately, the relapse frequency of hyperthyroidism is high in this age group, with only 20–30% reaching long-lasting remission after 2 years of ATD treatment [ 5

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Julia A Baran Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Thyroid Center, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA

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Mya Bojarsky Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Thyroid Center, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA

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Stephen Halada Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Thyroid Center, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA

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Julio C Ricarte-Filho Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Thyroid Center, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA

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Amber Isaza Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Thyroid Center, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA

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Aime T Franco Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Thyroid Center, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA

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Lea F Surrey Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA

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Tricia Bhatti Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA

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Zubair Baloch Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA

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N Scott Adzick Department of Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA

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Sogol Mostoufi-Moab Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Thyroid Center, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
Division of Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA

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Ken Kazahaya Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
Department of Otorhinolaryngology: Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA

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Andrew J Bauer Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Thyroid Center, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA

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Graphical abstract Introduction Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common pediatric endocrine malignancy. While long-term disease-specific survival approaches 100% for children and adolescents ( 1 , 2 ), recurrence

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Claire L Wood Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Great North Children’s Hospital, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK

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Niamh Morrison Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Great North Children’s Hospital, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK

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Michael Cole Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Baddiley-Clark Building, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK

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Malcolm Donaldson Department of Child Health, University of Glasgow School of Medicine, Glasgow, UK

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David B Dunger Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK

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Ruth Wood Newcastle Clinical Trials Unit, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK

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Simon H S Pearce Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
Department of Endocrinology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK

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Timothy D Cheetham Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Great North Children’s Hospital, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK

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on behalf of the British Society for Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes (BSPED)

.1089/thy.2016.0229 ) 4 Van Veenendaal NR Rivkees SA . Treatment of pediatric Graves’ disease is associated with excessive weight gain . Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 2011 96 3257 – 3263 . ( https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2011

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Marise Codeco de Andrade Barreto Department of Oncologic Endocrinology, Instituto Nacional de Câncer – INCA, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
Department of Endocrinology, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro – UFRJ, Faculdade de Medicina, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil

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Natalia Treistman Department of Endocrinology, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro – UFRJ, Faculdade de Medicina, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil

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Lara Bessa Campelo Pinheiro Cavalcante Department of Endocrinology, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro – UFRJ, Faculdade de Medicina, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil

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Daniel Bulzico Department of Oncologic Endocrinology, Instituto Nacional de Câncer – INCA, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil

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Fernanda Accioly de Andrade Department of Oncologic Endocrinology, Instituto Nacional de Câncer – INCA, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil

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Rossana Corbo Department of Oncologic Endocrinology, Instituto Nacional de Câncer – INCA, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil

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Paulo Alonso Garcia Alves Junior Department of Oncologic Endocrinology, Instituto Nacional de Câncer – INCA, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
Department of Endocrinology, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro – UFRJ, Faculdade de Medicina, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil

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Fernanda Vaisman Department of Oncologic Endocrinology, Instituto Nacional de Câncer – INCA, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
Department of Endocrinology, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro – UFRJ, Faculdade de Medicina, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil

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, RAI therapy after the age of 19 years, and a history of medical treatment or conditions with the potential of decreasing ovarian reserve. We established the age cutoff of 19 years, as this age separates pediatric and adult individuals, according to the

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L.A. Jonker Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands

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C.A. Lebbink Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands

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M.C.J. Jongmans Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands

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R.A.J. Nievelstein Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
Department of Pediatric Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands

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J.H.M. Merks Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands

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E.J.M. Nieveen van Dijkum Department of Surgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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T.P. Links Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

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N. Hoogerbrugge Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands

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A.S.P. van Trotsenburg Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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H.M. van Santen Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands

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thyroid surveillance recommendations for PHTS patients have been proposed [ 3 - 7 ]. The National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) in the USA recommends that pediatric PHTS patients receive an annual thyroid ultrasound from the age of diagnosis

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