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Introduction Thyroid eye disease (TED) is an autoimmune condition associated with Graves’ disease affecting approximately 0.1% of the population ( 1 , 2 ). TED can result in altered appearance and other significant symptoms, impacts
Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
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Department of Ophthalmology, Salmaniya Medical Complex, Government Hospitals, Bahrain
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Department of Ophthalmology, Vicente Sotto Memorial Medical Center, Cebu City, Philippines
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Hong Kong Eye Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
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Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
Hong Kong Eye Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
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Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
Hong Kong Eye Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
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Introduction Thyroid eye disease (TED), also known as thyroid-associated orbitopathy or Graves’ ophthalmopathy, is the most common extrathyroidal manifestation of Graves’ disease. It can also occur in euthyroid patients, known as euthyroid
Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
Endocrinology Division, Department of Medicine, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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restore vision by reducing apical compression on the optic nerve. 2. Introduction Thyroid eye disease (TED) is an autoimmune condition closely related to Graves’ disease. It is characterized by endomysial interstitial edema, expansion, and
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
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Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
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Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
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Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
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Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
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Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
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Introduction Thyroid eye disease (TED), also known as Graves’ ophthalmopathy, is the most common autoimmune orbital disease characterized by clinical presentations such as eyelid retraction, exophthalmos, periorbital edema, diplopia, and eye
Endocrinology Unit, Graves’ Orbitopathy Center, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
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Ophthalmology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
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Department of Specialistic Surgical Sciences, Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
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National Institute of Molecular Genetics (INGM) “Romeo and Enrica Invernizzi”, Milan, Italy
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Ours is the first description of the immune cell profiling derived from the consecutive administration of alemtuzumab for multiple sclerosis and rituximab for thyroid eye disease. B-cell depletion induced by rituximab is an effective treatment for
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Introduction Thyroid eye disease (TED), also known as thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy or Graves’ ophthalmopathy, is an infiltrative disorder affecting the retro-orbital and peri-orbital tissues caused by autoimmune system dysfunction. It
Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Padua University Hospital, Padua, Italy
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Introduction Thyroid eye disease (TED) or Graves’ orbitopathy (GO) is an immune-mediated disorder of the eye in which cell-mediated response plays a crucial role and leads to oedema and deposition of glycosaminoglycans and collagens in the
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Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Introduction Thyroid eye disease (TED) is a specific autoimmune condition associated with inflammation of the thyroid, orbit, and periorbital tissues ( 1 , 2 ) that often endangers the patient’s vision and appearance ( 3 ). TED patients
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primary autoantigens in orbital tissue in patients with thyroid eye disease (TED)/Graves’ orbitopathy (GO). The insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) receptor (IGF-1R) has been identified as another important player in the pathogenesis of TED. Functional
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of care might help to escape orbital surgery in dysthyroid optic neuropathy. Introduction Thyroid eye disease (TED) is an autoimmune inflammatory disease affecting the orbital connective tissue and extraocular muscles which represents a