Ziyu Wan
Ziyu Wan
Health Management Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
Nursing Department, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Nursing Department, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Ying Li
Ying Li
Health Management Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Xiaoqian Dong
Xiaoqian Dong
Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Yue Kang
Yue Kang
Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Juan Luo
Juan Luo
Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Jiangang Wang
Jiangang Wang
Health Management Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Pingting Yang
Pingting Yang
Health Management Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Yaqin Wang
Yaqin Wang
Health Management Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Yinglong Duan
Yinglong Duan
Nursing Department, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Jianfei Xie
Jianfei Xie
Nursing Department, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Andy S K Cheng
Andy S K Cheng
Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
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Introduction Thyroid nodules (TNs) refer to discrete lesions within the thyroid gland and are one of the most common clinical thyroid disorders. Most TNs are occult, with physical examination revealing them in only 5% of patients ( 1
Rachelle P Mendoza
Rachelle P Mendoza
Department of Pathology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
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Richard Cody Simon
Richard Cody Simon
Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Nicole A Cipriani
Nicole A Cipriani
Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Tatjana Antic
Tatjana Antic
Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Introduction Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNA) is widely accepted as the most accurate and cost-effective diagnostic procedure in the assessment of thyroid nodules. The Bethesda System outlines the diagnostic categories for thyroid nodules
Eduardo Crespo Vallejo
Eduardo Crespo Vallejo
Interventional Radiology, Hospital Universitario Fundacion Jiménez Diaz, Madrid, Spain
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Antonio Hermosin
Antonio Hermosin
Interventional Radiology, Hospital Universitario Fundacion Jiménez Diaz, Madrid, Spain
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Manuel Gargallo
Manuel Gargallo
Endocrinology, Hospital Universitario Fundacion Jiménez Diaz, Madrid, Spain
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Álvaro Villalba
Álvaro Villalba
Interventional Radiology, Hospital Universitario Fundacion Jiménez Diaz, Madrid, Spain
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Eduardo Daguer
Eduardo Daguer
Interventional Radiology, Hospital Universitario Fundacion Jiménez Diaz, Madrid, Spain
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José Flores
José Flores
Interventional Radiology, Hospital Universitario Fundacion Jiménez Diaz, Madrid, Spain
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Javier Periañez
Javier Periañez
Interventional Radiology, Hospital Universitario Fundacion Jiménez Diaz, Madrid, Spain
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Joaquim Amorín
Joaquim Amorín
Interventional Radiology, Hospital Universitario Fundacion Jiménez Diaz, Madrid, Spain
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Ernesto Santos
Ernesto Santos
Interventional Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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Introduction The prevalence of thyroid nodules (TNs) in the general population is approximately 60% ( 1 , 2 ). Most TNs are benign and do not require any kind of treatment. For large nodules causing compressive symptoms, hormonal dysfunction
Marta Nascimento Soares
Marta Nascimento Soares
Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Marta Borges-Canha
Marta Borges-Canha
Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal
Department of Surgery and Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine from the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal
Department of Surgery and Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine from the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Celestino Neves
Celestino Neves
Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal
Institute for Research Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal
Institute for Research Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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João Sérgio Neves
João Sérgio Neves
Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal
Department of Surgery and Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine from the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal
Department of Surgery and Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine from the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Davide Carvalho
Davide Carvalho
Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal
Institute for Research Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal
Institute for Research Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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( 12 ). However, predictive factors for thyroid cancer in patients with Graves' disease are still unknown ( 13 ). Thus, our aim was to evaluate the prevalence of thyroid nodules and thyroid cancer in patients with Graves’ disease and to characterize
Chantal A Lebbink
Chantal A Lebbink
Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital and Princess Máxima Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Thera P Links
Thera P Links
Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Agnieszka Czarniecka
Agnieszka Czarniecka
The Oncologic and Reconstructive Surgery Clinic, M. Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology Gliwice Branch, Gliwice, Poland
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Renuka P Dias
Renuka P Dias
Department of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Birmingham Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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Rossella Elisei
Rossella Elisei
Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Louise Izatt
Louise Izatt
Department of Clinical Genetics, Guy's and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
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Heiko Krude
Heiko Krude
Institute of Experimental Pediatric Endocrinology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
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Kerstin Lorenz
Kerstin Lorenz
Department of Visceral, Vascular and Endocrine Surgery, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
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Markus Luster
Markus Luster
Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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Kate Newbold
Kate Newbold
Thyroid Therapy Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
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Arnoldo Piccardo
Arnoldo Piccardo
Department of Nuclear Medicine, EO Ospedali Galliera, Genoa, Italy
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Manuel Sobrinho-Simões
Manuel Sobrinho-Simões
University Hospital of São João, Medical Faculty and Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Toru Takano
Toru Takano
Thyroid Center, Rinku General Medical Center, Osaka, Japan
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A S Paul van Trotsenburg
A S Paul van Trotsenburg
Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Frederik A Verburg
Frederik A Verburg
Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Hanneke M van Santen
Hanneke M van Santen
Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital and Princess Máxima Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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NTRK fusions, while mutations in BRAF, V600E, and RAS point mutations are less frequent ( 4 , 5 ). Due to these genomic differences, the utility of molecular testing on biopsies of thyroid nodules and on thyroid tissue in children may be different
Tamas Solymosi
Tamas Solymosi
Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinic, Bugat Hospital, Gyöngyös, Hungary
Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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Laszlo Hegedűs
Laszlo Hegedűs
Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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Steen J Bonnema
Steen J Bonnema
Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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Andrea Frasoldati
Andrea Frasoldati
Endocrinology Unit of Arcispedale S Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy
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Laszlo Jambor
Laszlo Jambor
Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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Zsolt Karanyi
Zsolt Karanyi
Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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Gabor L Kovacs
Gabor L Kovacs
1st Department of Medicine, Flohr Ferenc Hospital, Kistarcsa, Hungary
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Enrico Papini
Enrico Papini
Regina Apostolorum Hospital in Albano, Rome, Italy
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Karoly Rucz
Karoly Rucz
1st Department of Medicine, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
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Gilles Russ
Gilles Russ
Unité Thyroïde et Tumeurs Endocrines – Pr Leenhardt Hôpital La Pitie Salpetriere, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
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Endre V Nagy
Endre V Nagy
Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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Introduction For more than three decades, the cornerstones in the clinical management of patients with thyroid nodules have been ultrasound (US) and fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNA) ( 1 , 2 , 3 ). Robust evidence demonstrates that the
Min Ren
Min Ren
Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Qianlan Yao
Qianlan Yao
Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Longlong Bao
Longlong Bao
Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Zhiting Wang
Zhiting Wang
Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Ran Wei
Ran Wei
Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Qianming Bai
Qianming Bai
Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Bo Ping
Bo Ping
Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Cai Chang
Cai Chang
Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
Department of Ultrasound, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
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Department of Ultrasound, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
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Yu Wang
Yu Wang
Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
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Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
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Xiaoyan Zhou
Xiaoyan Zhou
Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Xiaoli Zhu
Xiaoli Zhu
Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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clinical diagnosis of indeterminate thyroid nodules and personalized treatment. Published data regarding the value of the ThyroSeq v2 NGS assay for the diagnosis of indeterminate nodules show a high negative predictive value (NPV, 91–96%) and relatively low
Cosimo Durante
Cosimo Durante
Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Laszlo Hegedüs
Laszlo Hegedüs
Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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Agnieszka Czarniecka
Agnieszka Czarniecka
M. Sklodowska-Curie National Research, Institute of Oncology Gliwice Branch, Gliwice, Poland
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Ralf Paschke
Ralf Paschke
Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Gilles Russ
Gilles Russ
Thyroid and Endocrine Tumors Department, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Sorbonne University GRC N°16, Paris, France
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Fernando Schmitt
Fernando Schmitt
Faculty of Medicine of University of Porto, CINTESIS@RISE and Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto (Ipatimup), Porto, Portugal
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Paula Soares
Paula Soares
Institute of Investigation and Innovation in Health (I3S), Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Tamas Solymosi
Tamas Solymosi
Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinic, Bugat Hospital, Gyöngyös, Hungary
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Enrico Papini
Enrico Papini
Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Regina Apostolorum Hospital, Albano, Rome, Italy
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Introduction A thyroid nodule is a discrete lesion within the thyroid gland that is ultrasonographically distinct from the surrounding thyroid parenchyma. With the widespread use of sensitive imaging techniques, which include neck
Laura Fugazzola
Laura Fugazzola
Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy
Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Maurilio Deandrea
Maurilio Deandrea
Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Department and Center for Thyroid Diseases, Ordine Mauriziano Hospital, Turin, Italy
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Stefano Borgato
Stefano Borgato
Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy
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Marco Dell’Acqua
Marco Dell’Acqua
Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy
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Francesca Retta
Francesca Retta
Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Department and Center for Thyroid Diseases, Ordine Mauriziano Hospital, Turin, Italy
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Alberto Mormile
Alberto Mormile
Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Department and Center for Thyroid Diseases, Ordine Mauriziano Hospital, Turin, Italy
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Chiara Carzaniga
Chiara Carzaniga
Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy
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Giacomo Gazzano
Giacomo Gazzano
Pathology Unit, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy
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Gabriele Pogliaghi
Gabriele Pogliaghi
Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Marina Muzza
Marina Muzza
Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy
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Luca Persani
Luca Persani
Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy
Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Introduction Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is an effective treatment for thyroid nodules, with a mean volume reduction ranging 50–90% at 1-year follow-up ( 1 ). As a general rule, the smaller the treated nodule the higher the volume reduction
Ana Isabel Álvarez-Mancha
Ana Isabel Álvarez-Mancha
Department of Medicine, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
Department of Pathology, General University Hospital of Ciudad Real, Ciudad Real, Spain
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Department of Pathology, General University Hospital of Ciudad Real, Ciudad Real, Spain
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Isabel Mancha-Doblas
Isabel Mancha-Doblas
Department of Medicine, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Málaga, Spain
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Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Málaga, Spain
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María Molina-Vega
María Molina-Vega
Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Málaga, Spain
The Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga and Platform in Nanomedicine (IBIMA-BIONAND Platform), University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
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The Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga and Platform in Nanomedicine (IBIMA-BIONAND Platform), University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
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Diego Fernández-García
Diego Fernández-García
Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Málaga, Spain
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Ana María Gómez-Pérez
Ana María Gómez-Pérez
Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Málaga, Spain
The Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga and Platform in Nanomedicine (IBIMA-BIONAND Platform), University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
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The Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga and Platform in Nanomedicine (IBIMA-BIONAND Platform), University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
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Elena Gallego-Domínguez
Elena Gallego-Domínguez
Department of Medicine, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
Department of Pathology, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Málaga, Spain
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Department of Pathology, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Málaga, Spain
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María Victoria Ortega-Jiménez
María Victoria Ortega-Jiménez
Department of Medicine, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
Department of Pathology, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Málaga, Spain
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Department of Pathology, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Málaga, Spain
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Isabel Hierro-Martín
Isabel Hierro-Martín
Department of Pathology, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Málaga, Spain
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Francisco J Tinahones
Francisco J Tinahones
Department of Medicine, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Málaga, Spain
The Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga and Platform in Nanomedicine (IBIMA-BIONAND Platform), University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
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Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Málaga, Spain
The Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga and Platform in Nanomedicine (IBIMA-BIONAND Platform), University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
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Introduction Clinical management of the thyroid nodules is based on a combination of clinical risk factors, functional status, ultrasound patterns, and cytologic findings when fine needle aspiration (FNA) is indicated ( 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5
