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Bing Han Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Chi Chen Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Yi Chen Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Ningjian Wang Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Jie Yu Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Jing Cheng Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Yingchao Chen Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Chunfang Zhu Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Yingli Lu Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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susceptibility and environmental factors [ 1 , 2 ]. Thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) concentrations are elevated in more than 90% patients with Hashimoto thyroiditis [ 3 , 4 ]. Furthermore, TPOAb is mostly related to heritability [ 5 ]. It was estimated that

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Hongcheng Wei State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China

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Quanquan Guan State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China

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Qiurun Yu State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China

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Ting Chen Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Institute, Women’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China

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Xu Wang Department of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China

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Yankai Xia State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China

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( 10 , 11 ). It is commonly acknowledged that free thyroxine (FT4), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) serve as the primary indicators of thyroid function. Moreover, maternal thyroid dysfunction has been

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Marta Kostecka-Matyja Chair and Department of Endocrinology, Jagiellonian University, Collegium Medicum, Krakow

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Anna Fedorowicz Chair and Department of Endocrinology, Jagiellonian University, Collegium Medicum, Krakow

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Ewa Bar-Andziak Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Medical University, Warsaw

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Tomasz Bednarczuk Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Medical University, Warsaw

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Monika Buziak-Bereza Chair and Department of Endocrinology, Jagiellonian University, Collegium Medicum, Krakow

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Paulina Dumnicka Department of Medical Diagnostics, Jagiellonian University, Collegium Medicum, Krakow

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Maria Górska Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University, Bialystok

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Małgorzata Krasnodębska Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Medical University, Warsaw

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Beata Niedźwiedzka Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Medical University, Warsaw

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Dorota Pach Chair and Department of Endocrinology, Jagiellonian University, Collegium Medicum, Krakow

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Marek Ruchała Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, University of Medical Sciences, Poznan

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Katarzyna Siewko Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University, Bialystok

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Bogdan Solnica Department of Diagnostics, Chair of Clinical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University, Collegium Medicum, Krakow, Poland

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Jerzy Sowiński Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, University of Medical Sciences, Poznan

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Małgorzata Szelachowska Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University, Bialystok

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Małgorzata Trofimiuk-Müldner Chair and Department of Endocrinology, Jagiellonian University, Collegium Medicum, Krakow

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Katarzyna Wachowiak-Ochmańska Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, University of Medical Sciences, Poznan

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Alicja Hubalewska-Dydejczyk Chair and Department of Endocrinology, Jagiellonian University, Collegium Medicum, Krakow

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-39). All women were healthy, had no history of thyroid disease, were using the recommended iodine prophylaxis, and had normal thyroid-peroxidase antibodies (anti-TPO <50 IU/mL). Anti-TPO was only measured as it is considered as a more sensitive marker of

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Eijun Nishihara Kuma Hospital, Center for Excellence in Thyroid Care, Kobe, Japan

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Nobuyuki Amino Kuma Hospital, Center for Excellence in Thyroid Care, Kobe, Japan

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Takumi Kudo Kuma Hospital, Center for Excellence in Thyroid Care, Kobe, Japan

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Kazuyoshi Kohsaka Kuma Hospital, Center for Excellence in Thyroid Care, Kobe, Japan

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Mitsuru Ito Kuma Hospital, Center for Excellence in Thyroid Care, Kobe, Japan

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Shuji Fukata Kuma Hospital, Center for Excellence in Thyroid Care, Kobe, Japan

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Mitsushige Nishikawa Kuma Hospital, Center for Excellence in Thyroid Care, Kobe, Japan

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Hirotoshi Nakamura Kuma Hospital, Center for Excellence in Thyroid Care, Kobe, Japan

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Akira Miyauchi Kuma Hospital, Center for Excellence in Thyroid Care, Kobe, Japan

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/93. Native Tg and recombinant human TPO were used in all assay systems for the detection of TgAb and TPOAb, respectively. Table 1. Prevalence of thyroglobulin antibodies (TgAb) and thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOAb) in patients with subacute

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Chae Won Chung Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital and Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea

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Kyungsik Kim Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea

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Sue K Park Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
Integrated Major in Innovative Medical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea

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Dal Lae Ju Department of Food Service and Nutrition Care, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea

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Young Joo Park Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital and Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea

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Choong Ho Shin Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children’s Hospital and Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea

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Jong Kwan Jun Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University Hospital and Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea

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June-Key Chung Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea

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Yoon Ju Song Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Korea

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Young Ah Lee Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children’s Hospital and Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea

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Gi Jeong Cheon Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea

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Sun Wook Cho Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital and Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea

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impact on anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody (anti-TPO Ab) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels in pregnant women ( 10 ). Additionally, the relationship between selenium deficiency and poor pregnancy outcomes also remains controversial. Several

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Simon H.S. Pearce Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University and Endocrine Unit, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK;

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Mario Vaisman Department of Endocrinology, Faculdade de Medicina, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil;

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Jean-Louis Wemeau Clinique Endocrinologique Marc Linquette, CHU, Lille, France

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miscarriage at 11 weeks’ gestation. She feels well in herself. Her serum TSH is 4.5 mU/l, with normal circulating free thyroxine concentration. Serum thyroid peroxidase antibodies were negative. The results of the participants’ opinion are shown in figure 3

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Tumay Ozgur Departments of Pathology, Mustafa Kemal University Medical Faculty, Hatay, Turkey

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Hasan Gokce Departments of Pathology, Mustafa Kemal University Medical Faculty, Hatay, Turkey

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Ihsan Ustun Endocrinology and Metabolism, Mustafa Kemal University Medical Faculty, Hatay, Turkey

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Mehmet Yaldiz Departments of Pathology, Mustafa Kemal University Medical Faculty, Hatay, Turkey

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Mehmet Mustafa Akin Departments of Pathology, Mustafa Kemal University Medical Faculty, Hatay, Turkey

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Cumali Gokce Endocrinology and Metabolism, Mustafa Kemal University Medical Faculty, Hatay, Turkey

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.5–6.4 pmol/l), free T 4 12.87 (11.33–22.14 pmol/l), TSH 3.82 (0.63–4.82 mlU/l). Levels of thyroid antibodies consisting of thyroid peroxidase antibody (anti-TPO) were 600 (5–34 kU/l), and levels of the thyroglobulin antibodies (anti-TG) were 180.1 (0–60 kU

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Esther J. van Zuuren Departments of Dermatology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands

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Amira Y. Albusta College of Medicine, AMA International University of Bahrain, Manama

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Zbys Fedorowicz UKCC (Bahrain Branch), The Cochrane Collaboration, Awali, Bahrain

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Ben Carter Institute of Primary Care & Public Health, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK

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Hanno Pijl Departments of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands

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levels of anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies; (b) change from baseline in LT 4 replacement dosage, and (c) economic costs. Data Extraction and Synthesis Three review authors (E.J.v.Z., A.Y.A. and Z.F.) extracted study details and data using a

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Jinrong Fu Department of Endocrinology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China

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Zihao Fan Department of Geriatrics, Guangdong Provincial Geriatrics Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China

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Liang He Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China

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Qian Liu Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Jilin Cancer Hospital, Changchun, Jilin, China

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He Liu Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China

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Yushu Li Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China

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Haixia Guan Department of Endocrinology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China

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, including the accessibility of eligible participants during the study period and the feasibility of collecting data. Patients with elevated serum thyroid autoantibodies (thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOAb) >200 IU/mL and/or anti-thyroglobulin antibodies

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Jan Debeij Departments of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden

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Suzanne C. Cannegieter Departments of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden
Departments of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden

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Bregje van Zaane Departments of Internal Medicine, Slotervaart Hospital
Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Anton P. van Zanten Departments of Clinical Biochemistry, Slotervaart Hospital

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Frits R. Rosendaal Departments of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden
Departments of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden
Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden

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Victor E.A. Gerdes Departments of Internal Medicine, Slotervaart Hospital
Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Pieter H. Reitsma Departments of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden
Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden

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Olaf M. Dekkers Departments of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden
Departments of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden

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controls, while levothyroxine treatment was only present in controls. Laboratory Measurements Levels of fT 4 , thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroid peroxidase antibodies (anti-TPO) were measured in the available citrated plasma samples (103

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