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Salman Razvi Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
Department of Endocrinology, Gateshead Health NHS Foundation Trust, Gateshead, UK

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Avais Jabbar Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
Department of Cardiology, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK

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Arjola Bano Department of Cardiology, Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland

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Lorna Ingoe Department of Endocrinology, Gateshead Health NHS Foundation Trust, Gateshead, UK

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Peter Carey Departments of Endocrinology and Cardiology, South Tyneside and Sunderland NHS Foundation Trust, Sunderland, UK

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Shahid Junejo Departments of Endocrinology and Cardiology, South Tyneside and Sunderland NHS Foundation Trust, Sunderland, UK

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Honey Thomas Department of Cardiology, Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Cramlington, UK

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Caroline Addison Department of Biochemistry, Gateshead Health NHS Foundation Trust, Gateshead, UK

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David Austin Department of Cardiology, South Tees Health NHS Foundation Trust, Middlesbrough, UK

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John P Greenwood Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK

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Azfar G Zaman Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
Department of Cardiology, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK

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thrombus formation ( 2 ). Biomarkers of inflammation such as C-reactive protein (CRP) are strong independent predictors of cardiovascular events ( 3 ). The myocardium is sensitive to minor changes in thyroid function ( 4 ). Triiodothyronine (T3), the

Article Type:
Research Article
Collections:
Metabolic and cardiovascular effects of thyroid hormone
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/ETJ-21-0085
Volume/Issue:
Volume 11: Issue 2
Open access
Luba Freja Michaelsson Department of Endocrinology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Bjarke Borregaard Medici Department of Endocrinology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Jeppe Lerche la Cour Department of Endocrinology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Christian Selmer Department of Endocrinology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Michael Røder Department of Medicine, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Division of Pharmacies and Reimbursement, Danish Health and Medicines Authority, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Hans Perrild Department of Endocrinology, Bispebjerg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Nils Knudsen Department of Endocrinology, Bispebjerg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Jens Faber Department of Endocrinology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Birte Nygaard Department of Endocrinology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Introduction To prescribe triiodothyronine (T 3 ) as an add-on to levothyroxine (L-T 4 ) treatment or not to prescribe T 3 is a question which is nowadays considered by many physicians. Patients are also seeking alternative treatments of

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1159/000437262
Volume/Issue:
Volume 4: Issue 3
Free access
Bjarke Borregaard Medici Department of Endocrinology, Herlev University Hospital, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Jeppe Lerche la Cour Department of Endocrinology, Herlev University Hospital, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Luba Freja Michaelsson Department of Endocrinology, Herlev University Hospital, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Jens Oscar Faber Department of Endocrinology, Herlev University Hospital, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Birte Nygaard Department of Endocrinology, Herlev University Hospital, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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, Fadeyev V, Nygaard B, Vanderpump MP: 2012 ETA Guidelines: the Use of L-T 4 + L-T 3 in the treatment of hypothyroidism. Eur Thyroid J 2012;1:55-71. 3 Grozinsky-Glasberg S, Fraser A, Nahshoni E, Weizman A, Leibovici L: Thyroxine-triiodothyronine

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1159/000454878
Volume/Issue:
Volume 6: Issue 2
Free access
Inge Bülow Pedersen Department of Endocrinology and Medicine, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark

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Peter Laurberg Department of Endocrinology and Medicine, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark

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function tests were available and pointed in the direction of neonatal hyperthyroidism with a suppressed serum TSH and triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) levels just below the upper limit of the age-specific reference range [ 6 ] (table 1 ). However

Article Type:
Case Report
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1159/000448034
Volume/Issue:
Volume 5: Issue 3
Free access
Eveline Bruinstroop Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam, the Netherlands

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Anne H van der Spek Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam, the Netherlands

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Anita Boelen Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
Department of Laboratory Medicine, Endocrine Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
Amsterdam Reproduction & Development Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands

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Introduction Deiodinases The thyroid produces the thyroid hormone, mainly thyroxine (T4) and to a lesser extent tri-iodothyronine (T3). Within the liver, thyroid hormones are transported across the cell membrane by thyroid hormone

Article Type:
Review Article
Collections:
Thyroid hormone action
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/ETJ-22-0211
Volume/Issue:
Volume 12: Issue 3
Open access
P. Reed Larsen Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard Institutes of Medicine, Boston, Mass., USA

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Ann Marie Zavacki Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard Institutes of Medicine, Boston, Mass., USA

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Introduction When dietary iodine is sufficient, the major product of the thyroid gland is thyroxine (T4) which is secreted at a rate of 10-fold that of 3,5,3′-triiodothyronine (T3) in humans. Thus, a rate-limiting step in thyroid hormone

Article Type:
Review Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1159/000343922
Volume/Issue:
Volume 1: Issue 4
Free access
Allan Carlé Department of Endocrinology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark

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Jens Faber Department of Endocrinology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Rudi Steffensen Department of Clinical Immunology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark

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Peter Laurberg Department of Endocrinology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark

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Birte Nygaard Department of Endocrinology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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with combined levo-triiodothyronine (L-T3) + L-T4 preparations [ 6 ]. In the 2012 European Thyroid Association guidelines for the use of L-T4 and L-T3 in the treatment of hypothyroidism, Wiersinga et al. [ 6 ] reviewed 5 cross-over studies [ 7 - 11

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1159/000469709
Volume/Issue:
Volume 6: Issue 3
Free access
Genfeng Yu Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde, Foshan), Guangdong, China

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Siyang Liu Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde, Foshan), Guangdong, China

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Cheng Song Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde, Foshan), Guangdong, China

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Qintao Ma Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde, Foshan), Guangdong, China

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Xingying Chen Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde, Foshan), Guangdong, China

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Yuqi Jiang Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde, Foshan), Guangdong, China

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Hualin Duan Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde, Foshan), Guangdong, China

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Yajun He Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde, Foshan), Guangdong, China

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Dongmei Wang Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde, Foshan), Guangdong, China

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Heng Wan Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde, Foshan), Guangdong, China

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Jie Shen Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde, Foshan), Guangdong, China

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, 14 ). A Chinese study of 264 sarcopenic patients aged 80 years and older found that in a euthyroid population, those with lower levels of free triiodothyronine (FT3) had a higher risk of mortality ( 15 ). An American survey also found the association

Article Type:
Research Article
Collections:
Metabolic and cardiovascular effects of thyroid hormone
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/ETJ-23-0130
Volume/Issue:
Volume 13: Issue 1
Open access
Saeed Sohrabpour Otorhinolaryngology Research Center, Amir-Alam Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

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Farrokh Heidari Otorhinolaryngology Research Center, Amir-Alam Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

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Ebrahim Karimi Otorhinolaryngology Research Center, Amir-Alam Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

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Reza Ansari Otorhinolaryngology Research Center, Amir-Alam Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

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Ardavan Tajdini Otorhinolaryngology Research Center, Amir-Alam Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

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Firouzeh Heidari Otorhinolaryngology Research Center, Amir-Alam Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

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ultrasonographies showed bilateral hypoechoic areas in thyroid gland which was suggestive of SAT. Laboratory results showed mildly elevated free thyroxine and free tri-iodothyronine with undetectable thyrotropin. C-reactive protein levels were also slightly elevated

Article Type:
Brief Report
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1159/000511707
Volume/Issue:
Volume 9: Issue 6
Free access
Yasmine Abdellaoui Department of Internal Medicine, Foch Hospital, Suresnes, France

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Dimitra Magkou Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Ambroise Paré Universitary Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Boulogne, France

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Sofia Bakopoulou Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Ambroise Paré Universitary Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Boulogne, France

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Ramona Zaharia Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Ambroise Paré Universitary Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Boulogne, France

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Marie-Laure Raffin-Sanson Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Ambroise Paré Universitary Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Boulogne, France
EA 4340, Université Versailles Saint Quentin en Yvelines, UFR Simone Veil Santé, Montigny le Bretonneux, France

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Laure Cazabat Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Ambroise Paré Universitary Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Boulogne, France
EA 4340, Université Versailles Saint Quentin en Yvelines, UFR Simone Veil Santé, Montigny le Bretonneux, France

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defined by high levels of free thyroxine (FT4) and free triiodothyronine (FT3) with a normal (but inappropriately elevated) level of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and encompasses all defects that can interfere with the biological activity of a

Article Type:
Case Report
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1159/000506424
Volume/Issue:
Volume 9: Issue 5
Free access