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Anita Boelen
Anita Boelen
Endocrine Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Amsterdam Reproduction & Development Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Amsterdam Reproduction & Development Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Nitash Zwaveling-Soonawala
Nitash Zwaveling-Soonawala
Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Annemieke C Heijboer
Annemieke C Heijboer
Endocrine Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Amsterdam Reproduction & Development Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Endocrine Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Amsterdam Reproduction & Development Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Endocrine Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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A S Paul van Trotsenburg
A S Paul van Trotsenburg
Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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predicted value (currently 21%) while maintaining the current sensitivity of central CH detection ( 12 ). Primary congenital hypothyroidism Primary CH is caused by a defect at the level of the thyroid and is the most common form of CH, with a
Kevin Stroek
Kevin Stroek
Endocrine Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Annemieke C. Heijboer
Annemieke C. Heijboer
Endocrine Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Endocrine Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Endocrine Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Marja van Veen-Sijne
Marja van Veen-Sijne
Endocrine Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Annet M. Bosch
Annet M. Bosch
Division of Metabolic Disorders, Department of Pediatrics, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Catharina P.B. van der Ploeg
Catharina P.B. van der Ploeg
Department of Child Health, Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research TNO, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Nitash Zwaveling-Soonawala
Nitash Zwaveling-Soonawala
Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Robert de Jonge
Robert de Jonge
Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit & University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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A.S. Paul van Trotsenburg
A.S. Paul van Trotsenburg
Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Anita Boelen
Anita Boelen
Endocrine Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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). CH-C, central congenital hypothyroidism; FP, false-positive; NBS, newborn screening; RI, reference interval; T4, thyroxine; TBG, thyroxine-binding globulin. All CH-C patients had a TBG concentration within or above the TBG RI, except for one
Jorge Alberto Tapia-Martínez
Jorge Alberto Tapia-Martínez
Laboratorio de Metabolismo I, Departamento de Fisiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Colonia Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos, Delegación Gustavo A. Madero, Ciudad de México, México
Laboratorio 6, Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados-Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Delegación Tlalpan, Ciudad de México, México
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Laboratorio 6, Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados-Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Delegación Tlalpan, Ciudad de México, México
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Margarita Franco-Colín
Margarita Franco-Colín
Laboratorio de Metabolismo I, Departamento de Fisiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Colonia Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos, Delegación Gustavo A. Madero, Ciudad de México, México
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Vanessa Blas-Valdivia
Vanessa Blas-Valdivia
Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Departamento de Fisiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Colonia Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos, Delegación Gustavo A. Madero, Ciudad de México, México
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Edgar Cano-Europa
Edgar Cano-Europa
Laboratorio de Metabolismo I, Departamento de Fisiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Colonia Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos, Delegación Gustavo A. Madero, Ciudad de México, México
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bodyweight with a mild reduction in their energy intake. Meanwhile, the congenital hypothyroid animals with the hypercaloric diet had a marked increase in their bodyweight since week 34 of treatment with an increase in their energy intake, presenting central
Emilie Brûlé
Emilie Brûlé
Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Xiang Zhou
Xiang Zhou
Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Ying Wang
Ying Wang
Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Evan R S Buddle
Evan R S Buddle
Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Luisina Ongaro
Luisina Ongaro
Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Mary Loka
Mary Loka
Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Anita Boelen
Anita Boelen
Endocrine Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology & Metabolism Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Daniel J Bernard
Daniel J Bernard
Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Introduction Congenital central hypothyroidism (CCH) may affect as many as one in 13,000 people ( 1 ). In CCH, thyroid hormone levels are low to low-normal without the expected increases in thyrotropin (TSH), implicating defects in the brain
Heleen I Jansen
Heleen I Jansen
Department of Laboratory Medicine, Endocrine Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Boelelaan, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Department of Laboratory Medicine, Endocrine Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Department of Laboratory Medicine, Endocrine Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Marije van Haeringen
Marije van Haeringen
Department of Laboratory Medicine, Endocrine Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Department of Computer Science, Vrije Universiteit, Boelelaan, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Department of Computer Science, Vrije Universiteit, Boelelaan, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Marelle J Bouva
Marelle J Bouva
Reference Laboratory Neonatal Screening, Center for Health protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
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Wendy P J den Elzen
Wendy P J den Elzen
Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory Specialized Diagnostics & Research, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Eveline Bruinstroop
Eveline Bruinstroop
Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Catharina P B van der Ploeg
Catharina P B van der Ploeg
TNO - Child Health, Sylviusweg, Leiden, The Netherlands
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A S Paul van Trotsenburg
A S Paul van Trotsenburg
Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Nitash Zwaveling-Soonawala
Nitash Zwaveling-Soonawala
Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Annemieke C Heijboer
Annemieke C Heijboer
Department of Laboratory Medicine, Endocrine Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Boelelaan, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Department of Laboratory Medicine, Endocrine Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Amsterdam Reproduction & Development Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Department of Laboratory Medicine, Endocrine Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Amsterdam Reproduction & Development Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Annet M Bosch
Annet M Bosch
Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Department of Pediatrics, Division of Metabolic Disorders, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Department of Pediatrics, Division of Metabolic Disorders, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Robert de Jonge
Robert de Jonge
Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Department of Laboratory Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Boelelaan, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Department of Laboratory Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Department of Laboratory Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Boelelaan, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Department of Laboratory Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Mark Hoogendoorn
Mark Hoogendoorn
Department of Computer Science, Vrije Universiteit, Boelelaan, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Anita Boelen
Anita Boelen
Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Department of Laboratory Medicine, Endocrine Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Amsterdam Reproduction & Development Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Department of Laboratory Medicine, Endocrine Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Amsterdam Reproduction & Development Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Introduction Congenital hypothyroidism (CH), an inborn thyroid hormone (TH) deficiency, can be divided into primary (or thyroidal) CH and central (or secondary) CH. Primary CH is most prevalent and results from an un(der)developed thyroid
Giorgio Radetti
Giorgio Radetti
Marienklinik, Bolzano, Italy
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Franco Rigon
Franco Rigon
Department of Paediatrics, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
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Alessandro Salvatoni
Alessandro Salvatoni
Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
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Irene Campi
Irene Campi
Division of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases and Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
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Tiziana De Filippis
Tiziana De Filippis
Division of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases and Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
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Valentina Cirello
Valentina Cirello
Division of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases and Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
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Silvia Longhi
Silvia Longhi
Department of Paediatrics, Regional Hospital of Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
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Fabiana Guizzardi
Fabiana Guizzardi
Division of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases and Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
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Marco Bonomi
Marco Bonomi
Division of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases and Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Luca Persani
Luca Persani
Division of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases and Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Brown RS Wassner AJ . Liothyronine improves biochemical control of congenital hypothyroidism in patients with central resistance to thyroid hormone . Journal of Pediatrics 2016 175 167 .e1 – 172.e1 . ( https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2016.04.022 )
Yalan Hu
Yalan Hu
Y Hu, Endocrine Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Locatie AMC, Amsterdam, 1105 AZ , Netherlands
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Lorraine Soares De Oliveira
Lorraine Soares De Oliveira
L Soares De Oliveira, Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, United States
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Kim Falize
Kim Falize
K Falize, Endocrine Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Locatie AMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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A S Paul van Trotsenburg
A S Paul van Trotsenburg
A van Trotsenburg, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology. Emma children’s hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands., Amsterdam UMC Location AMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Eric Fliers
Eric Fliers
E Fliers, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands., Amsterdam UMC Location AMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Joseph E Kaserman
Joseph E Kaserman
J Kaserman, Center for Regenerative Medicine (CReM) of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston Medical Center, Boston, United States
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Andrew A Wilson
Andrew A Wilson
A Wilson, Center for Regenerative Medicine (CReM) of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston Medical Center, Boston, United States
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Anthony N Hollenberg
Anthony N Hollenberg
A Hollenberg, Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, United States
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Eveline Bruinstroop
Eveline Bruinstroop
E Bruinstroop, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC Locatie AMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Anita Boelen
Anita Boelen
A Boelen, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1000 GG, Netherlands
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Background:
Mutations in TBL1X, part of the NCoR1/SMRT corepressor complex, were identified in patients with hereditary X-linked central congenital hypothyroidism and associated hearing loss. The role of TBL1X in thyroid hormone (TH) action, however, is incompletely understood. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of TBL1X on T3 regulated gene expression in two human liver cell models.
Methods:
A human hepatoma cell line (HepG2) wherein TBL1X was down regulated using siRNAs, and human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived hepatocytes (iHeps) generated from individuals with a TBL1X N365Y mutation. Both cell types were treated with increasing concentrations of T3. The expression of T3 regulated genes was measured by qPCR.
Results:
KLF9, CPT1A and PCK1 mRNA expression was higher upon T3 stimulation in the HepG2 cells with decreased TBL1X expression compared to controls, while DIO1 mRNA expression was lower. Hemizygous TBL1X N365Y iHeps exhibited decreased expression of CPT1A, G6PC1, PCK1, FBP1 and ELOVL2 compared to cells with the heterozygous TBL1X N365Y, but KLF9 and HMGCS2 expression was unaltered.
Conclusion:
Downregulation of TBL1X in HepG2 cells and the TBL1X N365Y variant in iHeps have differential effects on T3 regulated gene expression. This suggests that TBL1X may play a gene context role in thyroid hormone TH action.
Luca Persani
Luca Persani
Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
Division of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
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Division of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
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Georg Brabant
Georg Brabant
Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology Medical Clinic I – University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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Mehul Dattani
Mehul Dattani
Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
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Marco Bonomi
Marco Bonomi
Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
Division of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
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Division of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
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Ulla Feldt-Rasmussen
Ulla Feldt-Rasmussen
Department of Medical Endocrinology and Metabolism, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Eric Fliers
Eric Fliers
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Annette Gruters
Annette Gruters
Department for Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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Dominique Maiter
Dominique Maiter
Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, UCL Cliniques Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
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Nadia Schoenmakers
Nadia Schoenmakers
University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital and National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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A.S. Paul van Trotsenburg
A.S. Paul van Trotsenburg
Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Emma Children’s Hospital, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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–568. 3 Zwaveling-Soonawala N, van Trotsenburg AS, Verkerk PH: The severity of congenital hypothyroidism of central origin should not be underestimated. J Clin Endocrinol Metab<italic></italic> 2015; 100:E297–E300. 4 Price A, Weetman AP
Zohar Steinberg Ben-Zeev
Zohar Steinberg Ben-Zeev
Pediatric Department A, Ha’Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
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Marina Peniakov
Marina Peniakov
Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Ha’Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
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Clari Felszer
Clari Felszer
Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Ha’Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
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Scott A Weiner
Scott A Weiner
Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Ha’Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
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Avishay Lahad
Avishay Lahad
Pediatric Department A, Ha’Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
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Shlomo Almashanu
Shlomo Almashanu
The National Newborn Screening Program, Ministry of Health, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
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Yardena Tenenbaum Rakover
Yardena Tenenbaum Rakover
Consulting Medicine in Pediatric Endocrinology, Clalit Health Services, Afula, Israel
The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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primary congenital hypothyroidism (CH) ( 17 , 18 ). The potential effects of maternal thyroid disease on offspring have led to the clinical practice of recommending serum thyroid function tests (TFT), including free T4 (FT4) and TSH, in infants born to
Tal Almagor
Tal Almagor
Pediatric Endocrine Institute, Ha’Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
Pediatric Department B, Ha’Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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Pediatric Department B, Ha’Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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Shoshana Rath
Shoshana Rath
Pediatric Endocrine Institute, Ha’Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
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Dan Nachtigal
Dan Nachtigal
Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ha’Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
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Zohara Sharroni
Zohara Sharroni
Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ha’Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
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Ghadir Elias-Assad
Ghadir Elias-Assad
Pediatric Endocrine Institute, Ha’Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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Ora Hess
Ora Hess
Pediatric Endocrine Institute, Ha’Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
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Gilad Havazelet
Gilad Havazelet
Clalit Health Services, North District, Israel
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Yoav Zehavi
Yoav Zehavi
Pediatric Department B, Ha’Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
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Ronen Spiegel
Ronen Spiegel
Pediatric Department B, Ha’Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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Dani Bercovich
Dani Bercovich
Faculty of Medical Science, Tel Hai Academic College Upper Galilee, Tel Hai, Israel
GGA – Galil Genetic Analysis Laboratory Ltd., Kazerin, Israel
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GGA – Galil Genetic Analysis Laboratory Ltd., Kazerin, Israel
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Shlomo Almashanu
Shlomo Almashanu
The National Newborn Screening Program, Ministry of Health, Tel-HaShomer, Israel
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Yardena Tenenbaum-Rakover
Yardena Tenenbaum-Rakover
Pediatric Endocrine Institute, Ha’Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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result in hearing impairment (HI) [ 1 - 3 ]. Deaf-mutism and HI are common in areas of iodine deficiency [ 4 ] and were reported in patients with congenital hypothyroidism (CH) prior to the implementation of thyroid neonatal screening in the 1980s [ 5
