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Introduction An association between hypothyroidism and depression has been accepted and taught in medicine for many years, although the nature of this relationship and what determines it have not been convincingly proven. Observations on which
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Institute of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Odense, Denmark
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National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Odense, Denmark
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Department of Palliative Medicine, Bispebjerg Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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Introduction Anxiety and depression are common mental disorders affecting the general population [ 1 ]. They are often found in patients with chronic somatic diseases, among these thyroid dysfunction [ 2 ]. Hypothyroidism has been linked to
Department of Neurology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
Wallenberg’s Centre of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Region Västra Götaland, Sweden
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Department of Pedagogical, Curricular and Professional Studies, Faculty of Education, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Wallenberg’s Centre of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Region Västra Götaland, Sweden
Department of Endocrinology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
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majority will report no residual problems. However, some will still struggle with a reduced quality of life (QoL), fatigue, depression, anxiety, and cognitive complaints and will experience problems with returning to work ( 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7
Clinical Institute, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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Clinical Institute, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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distributed for completion at the participants’ home and subsequently returned by postal delivery. The questionnaires used were: Danish version 1 of the SF-36 [ 13 ], a Danish version of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) [ 14 ], and the
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Centre for Clinical Research in Sörmland, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Centre for Clinical Research in Sörmland, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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depression and anxiety scores, self-rated symptoms, thyroid hormones and antibody levels in a cohort of patients with newly diagnosed GD, following 9 months of pharmacological treatment with a randomized supplementation with 200 µg/day Se as selenized yeast
Institute of Medicine, Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
Wallenberg’s Centre of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Region Västra Götaland, Sweden
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Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
Department of Endocrinology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden
Gothenburg Centre for Person Centred-Care (GPCC), Göteborg, Sweden
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in hyperthyroid GD patients has also been observed ( 18 , 23 ), but its recovery in euthyroidism was not associated with alleviated symptomatology ( 18 ). A few studies in GD subjects have found associations between depression, anxiety, and
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and GHQ [ 12 ]. Similar correlations were seen with TSQ, but not with Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) scores. Another community-based study from The Netherlands investigated 141 patients who had been on L-T4 replacement for primary
Institute of Public Health, University of Copenhagen
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National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen
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Department of Palliative Medicine, Bispebjerg Hospital
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depression (according to the Edinburg Depression Scale) in individuals with positive TPOAb in a large population-based study and the presence of TPOAb during pregnancy has been identified as a risk factor for postpartum depression [ 28 ]. A direct relation
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no clinical effects, and has been used as a comedication in depression in psychiatry in recent years [ 19 ]. Materials and Methods Subjects The Ethics Committee of the University of Lübeck approved all procedures prior to the experiment
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Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Danish doctors. Further, we wanted to address influences from age, sex, income, region of residence, depression, and prior treatment with thyroid surgery or radioiodine. Methods Study population Registries at Statistics Denmark contain