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Tayyab S. Khan Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada

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Esha Sharma LMC Diabetes and Endocrinology, Brampton, Ontario, Canada

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Baldev Singh LMC Diabetes and Endocrinology, Brampton, Ontario, Canada

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Bikram Jammu LMC Diabetes and Endocrinology, Brampton, Ontario, Canada

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Amarinder Chadha LMC Diabetes and Endocrinology, Brampton, Ontario, Canada

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Divya Markanday LMC Diabetes and Endocrinology, Brampton, Ontario, Canada

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Yan Yan Wu Office of Public Health Studies, University of Hawai’i at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA

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Harpreet S. Bajaj LMC Diabetes and Endocrinology, Brampton, Ontario, Canada
Leadership Sinai Centre for Diabetes, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

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lack of clarity in the literature regarding the link, if any, between the use of AT/AC medications and the diagnostic yield of FNAB. The only study to have investigated this link observed no statistically significant increase in nondiagnostic samples

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Friederike Schütz Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute for Medical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Informatics, Halle (Saale), Germany

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Christine Lautenschläger Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute for Medical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Informatics, Halle (Saale), Germany

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Kerstin Lorenz Department of General, Visceral and Vascular Surgery, Medical Faculty, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany

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Johannes Haerting Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute for Medical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Informatics, Halle (Saale), Germany

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makes a precise diagnostic evaluation necessary to determine further treatment options. Because morphological imaging by CT or MRI may give inconclusive information, especially in pre-operated areas, the application of functional imaging may be useful

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Sravanthi Nagavalli Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Torrance, CA, USA

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Marelle Yehuda Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Torrance, CA, USA

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Laron W. McPhaul Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA

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Andrew G. Gianoukakis Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Torrance, CA, USA

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What Is Known about This Topic? • Cervical schwannomas can mimic thyroid nodules and are historically difficult to diagnosis preoperatively due to the low diagnostic yield of fine needle aspiration and their appearance as hypoechoic lesions on

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Kristine Z Swan Department of ORL, Head- and Neck Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark

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Johnson Thomas Department of Endocrinology, Mercy Hospital, Springfield, Missouri, USA

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Viveque E Nielsen Department of ORL, Head- and Neck Surgery, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark

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Marie Louise Jespersen Department of Pathology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark

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Steen J Bonnema Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark

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Introduction Risk stratification of thyroid nodules uses ultrasound features predictive of benign or malignant disease to identify nodules that should undergo biopsy. Biopsy is an invasive procedure and may not yield a final diagnosis one out

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Marco Marino Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Italy
Center for Genomic Research, Italy

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Maria Laura Monzani Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Italy
Azienda USL of Modena, Modena, Italy

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Giulia Brigante Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Italy
Azienda USL of Modena, Modena, Italy

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Katia Cioni Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Italy
Azienda USL of Modena, Modena, Italy

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Bruno Madeo Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Italy
Azienda USL of Modena, Modena, Italy

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Daniele Santi Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Italy
Azienda USL of Modena, Modena, Italy

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Antonino Maiorana Department of Diagnostic and Clinical Medicine and Public Health, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy

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Stefania Bettelli Department of Diagnostic and Clinical Medicine and Public Health, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy

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Valeria Moriondo Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Italy
Center for Genomic Research, Italy

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Elisa Pignatti Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Italy
Center for Genomic Research, Italy

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Lara Bonacini Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Italy
Azienda USL of Modena, Modena, Italy

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Cesare Carani Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Italy

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Vincenzo Rochira Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Italy
Azienda USL of Modena, Modena, Italy

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Manuela Simoni Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Italy
Center for Genomic Research, Italy
Azienda USL of Modena, Modena, Italy

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/ml; Roche Diagnostics), and by incubating the samples at 56°C overnight and then at 95°C for 20 min to have a high yield from few cells also. The cluster of BRAF - samples is represented by a blue curve. All HRM analyses were performed using the SSO Fast

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Shaodong Hou Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, China
Clinical Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China

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Yiceng Sun Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, China

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Zeyu Yang Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, China

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Mi Tang Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, China

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Tingjie Yin Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, China

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Cong Shao Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, China

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Cunye Yan Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, China

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Linlong Mo Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, China

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Yuquan Yuan Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, China

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Supeng Yin Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, China

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Fan Zhang Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, China
Clinical Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China

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–30% of cases ( 4 , 5 ). LNs that are suspicious for metastases on US would undergo FNAC. However, the sensitivity of FNAC varies from 75% to 85% with a high rate of nondiagnostic samples ( 6 ). The diagnostic efficacy of FNAC may be affected by the tiny

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Min Ren Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China

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Qianlan Yao Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China

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Longlong Bao Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China

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Zhiting Wang Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China

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Ran Wei Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China

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Qianming Bai Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China

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Bo Ping Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China

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Cai Chang Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
Department of Ultrasound, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China

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Yu Wang Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China

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Xiaoyan Zhou Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China

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Xiaoli Zhu Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China

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positive predictive value (PPV, 22–42%) ( 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ). The updated ThyroSeq v3 assay yields 112 genes with similar superior diagnostic NPV (94%) and favorable PPV (66%) ( 11 ). However, most of these molecular analyses are performed in the western

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Stan R Ursem Department of Laboratory Medicine, Endocrine Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Anita Boelen Department of Laboratory Medicine, Endocrine Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Amsterdam Reproduction & Development Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Eveline Bruinstroop Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Petra J M Elders Department of General Practice, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, The Netherlands

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Jacobijn Gussekloo LUMC Center for Medicine for Older People, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands

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Rosalinde K E Poortvliet LUMC Center for Medicine for Older People, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands

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Annemieke C Heijboer Department of Laboratory Medicine, Endocrine Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Amsterdam Reproduction & Development Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Department of Laboratory Medicine, Endocrine Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Boelelaan, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Wendy P J den Elzen Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Laboratory Specialized Diagnostics & Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Meibergdreef, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Background Subclinical thyroid diseases are often the subject of debate concerning their clinical significance, the appropriateness of diagnostic testing, and possible treatment. In subclinical hyperthyroidism, there is a mild thyroid

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Aglaia Kyrilli Department of Endocrinology, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (H.U.B.)– Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Route de Lennik 808, Brussels, Belgium

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Nunzia Tacelli Department of Radiology, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (H.U.B.)– Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Route de Lennik 808, Brussels, Belgium

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Lucia Russo Department of Medicine, DIMED, Internal Medicine 3, University of Padua, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padova, Italy

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Laetitia Lebrun Department of Pathology, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (H.U.B.)– Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Route de Lennik 808, Brussels, Belgium

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Isabelle Salmon Department of Pathology, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (H.U.B.)– Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Route de Lennik 808, Brussels, Belgium

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Gilles Russ Thyroid and Endocrine Tumors, Institute of Endocrinology, Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Pierre et Marie Curie University, Paris, France

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Rodrigo Moreno-Reyes Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (H.U.B.)– Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Route de Lennik, Brussels, Belgium

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Bernard Corvilain Department of Endocrinology, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (H.U.B.)– Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Route de Lennik 808, Brussels, Belgium

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AFTN had indeterminate cytology results, that is, Bethesda III (34%) and IV (17%). Only one sample was non-diagnostic and only one yielded Bethesda V results. No malignancy was found in cytological examination. DNA sequencing DNA

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Abdul Rehman Syed University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada

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Aakash Gorana Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada

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Erik Nohr Alberta Precision Laboratories, Molecular Pathology Program, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada

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Xiaoli-Kat Yuan Precision Oncology Hub Laboratory, Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada

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Parthiv Amin MASc Department of Radiology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary Alberta, Canada

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Sana Ghaznavi Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada

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Debbie Lamb Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada

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John McIntyre Precision Oncology Hub Laboratory, Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada

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Markus Eszlinger Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, and Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada

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Ralf Paschke Departments of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Oncology, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada

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with suppressed TSH for case 1. RAI treatments are indicated. Case 1 received his first 150 mCi (5550 MBq) of 131 I in January 2018, followed by another 100 mCi of 131 I in March 2021. Two diagnostic 123 I WBS and SPECT/CTs were performed in

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