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Denise Zwanziger Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism and Division of Laboratory Research, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany

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Helena Rakov Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism and Division of Laboratory Research, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany

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Kathrin Engels Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism and Division of Laboratory Research, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany

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Lars C. Moeller Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism and Division of Laboratory Research, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany

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Dagmar Führer Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism and Division of Laboratory Research, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany

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Introduction Hypothyroidism is a pathophysiological state marked by decreased circulating thyroid hormone (TH) concentrations or impaired TH action in target tissues. In clinical practice, hypothyroidism is mostly due to afflictions of the

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1159/000431316
Volume/Issue:
Volume 4: Issue 1_Suppl
Free access
Sandra M. McLachlan Thyroid Autoimmune Disease Unit, Cedars-Sinai Research Institute, Los Angeles, California, USA
UCLA School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA

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Holly A. Aliesky Thyroid Autoimmune Disease Unit, Cedars-Sinai Research Institute, Los Angeles, California, USA

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Priscilla Garcia Thyroid Autoimmune Disease Unit, Cedars-Sinai Research Institute, Los Angeles, California, USA

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Bianca Banuelos Thyroid Autoimmune Disease Unit, Cedars-Sinai Research Institute, Los Angeles, California, USA

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Basil Rapoport Thyroid Autoimmune Disease Unit, Cedars-Sinai Research Institute, Los Angeles, California, USA
UCLA School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA

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hemiagenesis in euthyroid humans, this condition in mice has only been reported in association with induced genetic defects leading to hypothyroidism. For example, this condition was reported in a relatively high proportion of mice with partial deficiencies in

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1159/000490700
Volume/Issue:
Volume 7: Issue 4
Free access
Colin M. Dayan Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK

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Vijay Panicker Department of Endocrinology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, W.A., Australia

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Introduction An association between hypothyroidism and depression has been accepted and taught in medicine for many years, although the nature of this relationship and what determines it have not been convincingly proven. Observations on which

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1159/000353777
Volume/Issue:
Volume 2: Issue 3
Free access
Joke Marlier Department of Endocrinology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium

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Guy T’Sjoen Department of Endocrinology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
Department of Internal Medicine & Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium

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Jean Kaufman Department of Endocrinology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
Department of Internal Medicine & Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium

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Bruno Lapauw Department of Endocrinology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
Department of Internal Medicine & Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium

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Introduction Hypothyroidism indicates the pathological condition of thyroid hormone (TH) deficiency and when untreated, it can lead to severe health effects. Hypothyroidism can be categorised as primary (PHT) or central hypothyroidism (CHT

Article Type:
Research Article
Collections:
Hypothyroidism
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/ETJ-21-0128
Volume/Issue:
Volume 11: Issue 6
Open access
Simon H.S. Pearce Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University and Endocrine Unit, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK;

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Mario Vaisman Department of Endocrinology, Faculdade de Medicina, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil;

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Jean-Louis Wemeau Clinique Endocrinologique Marc Linquette, CHU, Lille, France

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Introduction Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) is defined by an elevation of the serum TSH with circulating free thyroid hormone concentrations that are within the reference range [ 1 ]. It is a common issue in clinical practice that

Article Type:
Case Report
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1159/000335964
Volume/Issue:
Volume 1: Issue 1
Free access
Hicham Benabdelkamel Proteomics Resource Unit, Obesity Research Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

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Malak A Jaber Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Petra, Amman, Jordan

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Lina A Dahabiyeh Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan

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Afshan Masood Proteomics Resource Unit, Obesity Research Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

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Reem H Almalki Metabolomics Section, Department of Clinical Genomics, Center for Genome Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

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Mohthash Musambil Proteomics Resource Unit, Obesity Research Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

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Anas M Abdel Rahman Metabolomics Section, Department of Clinical Genomics, Center for Genome Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and King Saud Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

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Assim A Alfadda Proteomics Resource Unit, Obesity Research Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

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-stimulating hormone (TSH), total T 4 and T 3 , and free T 4 (FT 4 ) and T 3 . The other tests for thyroid antibodies and thyroglobulin identify autoimmune thyroid conditions and thyroiditis, respectively ( 4 ). Hypothyroidism, or an underactive thyroid, is a

Article Type:
Research Article
Collections:
Hypothyroidism
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/ETJ-23-0062
Volume/Issue:
Volume 12: Issue 4
Open access
Simon H.S. Pearce Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University
Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK

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Georg Brabant Medizinische Klinik I, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany

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Leonidas H. Duntas Endocrine Unit, Evgenidion Hospital, University of Athens, Athens, Greece

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Fabio Monzani Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy

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Robin P. Peeters Rotterdam Thyroid Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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Salman Razvi Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University
Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Gateshead, UK

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Jean-Louis Wemeau Clinique Endocrinologique Marc Linquette, CHU, Lille, France

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Introduction Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) is defined as a state of increased serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels, with circulating thyroxine (T 4 ) and tri-iodothyronine (T 3 ) concentrations within the population reference

Article Type:
Guideline
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1159/000356507
Volume/Issue:
Volume 2: Issue 4
Free access
Sophie Demartin Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium

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Stefan Matei Constantinescu Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium

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Kris G Poppe Endocrine Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Saint Pierre, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Rue Haute, Brussels, Belgium

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Dominique Maiter Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium

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Raluca Maria Furnica Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium

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Orsalia Alexopoulou Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium

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Chantal Daumerie Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium

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Frederic Debiève Department of Obstetrics, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium

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Maria-Cristina Burlacu Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium

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Introduction Hypothyroidism diagnosed during pregnancy, whether subclinial or overt, is associated with adverse pregnancy and neonatal outcomes ( 1 ). Existing guidelines unanimously recommend the treatment of overt hypothyroidism (OH) in this

Article Type:
Research Article
Collections:
Thyroid and reproduction
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/ETJ-24-0051
Volume/Issue:
Volume 13: Issue 3
Open access
María de los Ángeles Garayalde Gamboa Service of Endocrinology, Metabolism, Nutrition, and Diabetes, Buenos Aires British Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina

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Melina Saban Service of Endocrinology, Metabolism, Nutrition, and Diabetes, Buenos Aires British Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina

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Marina Ines Curriá Service of Endocrinology, Metabolism, Nutrition, and Diabetes, Buenos Aires British Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina

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What Is Known about This Topic? True malabsorption is a cause of refractory hypothyroidism. Treatment with intramuscular levothyroxine (LT4) is an alternative for the treatment of these patients. What Does This Case Report Add

Article Type:
Case Report
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1159/000503324
Volume/Issue:
Volume 8: Issue 6
Free access
Diogo Mendes Center for Health Technology Assessment and Drug Research, Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image, Coimbra, Portugal

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Carlos Alves Center for Health Technology Assessment and Drug Research, Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image, Coimbra, Portugal
Laboratory of Social Pharmacy and Public Health, School of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal

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Nuno Silverio Merck S.A., Algés, Portugal

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Francisco Batel Marques Center for Health Technology Assessment and Drug Research, Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image, Coimbra, Portugal
Laboratory of Social Pharmacy and Public Health, School of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal

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Introduction Hypothyroidism is a condition of thyroid hormone deficiency which is essentially defined based on biochemical parameters. Overt hypothyroidism is the combination of an elevated level of serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) with

Article Type:
Review Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1159/000499751
Volume/Issue:
Volume 8: Issue 3
Free access