Satoshi Koyama
Satoshi Koyama
Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Japan
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Naritomo Miyake
Naritomo Miyake
Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Japan
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Kazunori Fujiwara
Kazunori Fujiwara
Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Japan
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Tsuyoshi Morisaki
Tsuyoshi Morisaki
Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Japan
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Takahiro Fukuhara
Takahiro Fukuhara
Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Japan
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Hiroya Kitano
Hiroya Kitano
Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Japan
Center for Head and Neck Surgery, Kusatsu General Hospital, Kusatsu, Japan
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Center for Head and Neck Surgery, Kusatsu General Hospital, Kusatsu, Japan
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Hiromi Takeuchi
Hiromi Takeuchi
Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Japan
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strategies are required to improve the prognosis. Lenvatinib is an oral tyrosine kinase inhibitor targeting VEGFR1–3, FGFR1–4, RET, KIT, and PDGFRβ [ 6 - 8 ]. It was associated with a marked improvement in progression-free survival in patients with
Simone De Leo
Simone De Leo
Division of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
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Carla Colombo
Carla Colombo
Division of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Marta Di Stefano
Marta Di Stefano
Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Antonella Dubini
Antonella Dubini
Division of Laboratory Medicine, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
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Silvia Cozzi
Silvia Cozzi
Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Luca Persani
Luca Persani
Division of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Laura Fugazzola
Laura Fugazzola
Division of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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biological characteristics of this tumor, which has a relatively low growth rate and is poorly symptomatic. Nevertheless, patients experience a relevant weight decrease when treatment with a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) is started, such as lenvatinib
Marta Di Stefano
Marta Di Stefano
Division of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
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Carla Colombo
Carla Colombo
Division of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Simone De Leo
Simone De Leo
Division of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
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Michela Perrino
Michela Perrino
Division of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
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Mauro Viganò
Mauro Viganò
Division of Hepatology, San Giuseppe Hospital Multimedica IRCCS, Milan, Italy
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Luca Persani
Luca Persani
Division of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Milan, Italy
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Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Milan, Italy
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Laura Fugazzola
Laura Fugazzola
Division of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Introduction Lenvatinib (LEN) is an oral multitarget tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) directed toward the kinase activities of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptors VEGFR1, 2, and 3. It also inhibits other proangiogenic and
Laura Valerio
Laura Valerio
Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Endocrinology, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Carlotta Giani
Carlotta Giani
Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Endocrinology, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Laura Agate
Laura Agate
Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Endocrinology, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Eleonora Molinaro
Eleonora Molinaro
Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Endocrinology, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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David Viola
David Viola
Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Endocrinology, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Valeria Bottici
Valeria Bottici
Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Endocrinology, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Antonio Matrone
Antonio Matrone
Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Endocrinology, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Luciana Puleo
Luciana Puleo
Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Endocrinology, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Loredana Lorusso
Loredana Lorusso
Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Endocrinology, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Virginia Cappagli
Virginia Cappagli
Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Endocrinology, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Alessandro Ribechini
Alessandro Ribechini
Department of Thoracic Endoscopy, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Rossella Elisei
Rossella Elisei
Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Endocrinology, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Introduction Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are the standard of care for patients with advanced and progressive radioiodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer (RAI-R DTC) [ 1 ]. In particular, both sorafenib and lenvatinib have been
Luisa Paschke
Luisa Paschke
Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology, Division of Endocrinology, University Clinic Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology, Division of Nephrology, University Clinic Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology, Division of Nephrology, University Clinic Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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Thomas Lincke
Thomas Lincke
Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine, University Clinic Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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Katja Sibylle Mühlberg
Katja Sibylle Mühlberg
Department of Angiology, University Clinic Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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Wolfram J. Jabs
Wolfram J. Jabs
Department of Nephrology, Vivantes Clinics, Berlin, Germany
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Tom H. Lindner
Tom H. Lindner
Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology, Division of Nephrology, University Clinic Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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Ralf Paschke
Ralf Paschke
Division of Endocrinology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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What Is Known about This Topic? Both phase III trials of cabozantinib and lenvatinib reported that renal adverse events occurred in rare cases. The phase III study of carbozantinib reported no adverse events (AEs) regarding renal toxicity
João Roque
João Roque
Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Hospital de Santa Maria, Lisbon, Portugal
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Tiago Nunes Silva
Tiago Nunes Silva
Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Department, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, Lisbon, Portugal
NOVA Medical School | Faculdade de Ciências Médicas of Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
Unidade Investigação Patobiologia Molecular, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, Lisbon, Portugal
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NOVA Medical School | Faculdade de Ciências Médicas of Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
Unidade Investigação Patobiologia Molecular, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, Lisbon, Portugal
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Catarina Regala
Catarina Regala
Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Department, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, Lisbon, Portugal
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Ricardo Rodrigues
Ricardo Rodrigues
Unidade Investigação Patobiologia Molecular, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, Lisbon, Portugal
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Valeriano Leite
Valeriano Leite
Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Department, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, Lisbon, Portugal
NOVA Medical School | Faculdade de Ciências Médicas of Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
Unidade Investigação Patobiologia Molecular, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, Lisbon, Portugal
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NOVA Medical School | Faculdade de Ciências Médicas of Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
Unidade Investigação Patobiologia Molecular, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, Lisbon, Portugal
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kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have been used in PDTC patients enrolled in clinical trials targeting RAI-refractory DTC. To date, sorafenib and lenvatinib have been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and European Medical Agency for first
Elisa Minaldi
Elisa Minaldi
Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Endocrinology, University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa, Pisa, Italy
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Virginia Cappagli
Virginia Cappagli
Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Endocrinology, University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa, Pisa, Italy
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Loredana Lorusso
Loredana Lorusso
Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Endocrinology, University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa, Pisa, Italy
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Laura Valerio
Laura Valerio
Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Endocrinology, University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa, Pisa, Italy
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Carlotta Giani
Carlotta Giani
Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Endocrinology, University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa, Pisa, Italy
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Matilde Viglione
Matilde Viglione
Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Endocrinology, University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa, Pisa, Italy
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Laura Agate
Laura Agate
Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Endocrinology, University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa, Pisa, Italy
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Eleonora Molinaro
Eleonora Molinaro
Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Endocrinology, University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa, Pisa, Italy
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Antonio Matrone
Antonio Matrone
Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Endocrinology, University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa, Pisa, Italy
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Rossella Elisei
Rossella Elisei
Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Endocrinology, University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa, Pisa, Italy
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Introduction Thanks to the results of DECISION and SELECT trials, sorafenib and lenvatinib are the only MKIs approved by both the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Medical Agency (EMA) for the first-line treatment of
Jaume Capdevila
Jaume Capdevila
Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Vall d’Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), IOB Quiron-Teknon, Barcelona, Spain
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Desiree’ Deandreis
Desiree’ Deandreis
Department of Medical Sciences, Nuclear Medicine Unit, University of Turin, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy
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Cosimo Durante
Cosimo Durante
Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Sophie Leboulleux
Sophie Leboulleux
Service of Endocrinology, Diabetology, University Hospital Geneve, Geneve, Switzerland
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Markus Luster
Markus Luster
Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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Romana Netea-Maier
Romana Netea-Maier
Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Kate Newbold
Kate Newbold
Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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Susanne Singer
Susanne Singer
Institute of Medical Biostatistics Epidemiology and Informatics (IMBEI), University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
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Gerasimos P Sykiotis
Gerasimos P Sykiotis
Service of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Beate Bartes
Beate Bartes
Association “Vivre sans Thyroïde”, Léguevin, France
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Kate Farnell
Kate Farnell
Butterfly Thyroid Cancer Trust, Rowlands Gill, Tyne & Wear, UK
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Laura Deborah Locati
Laura Deborah Locati
Medical Oncology Unit, IRCCS ICS Maugeri, Pavia, Italy
Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Italy
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Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Italy
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survival of only 10% ( 7 , 9 , 10 ). Systemic therapies are an important treatment option for RAI refractoriness DTC. Among these, multikinase inhibitors (MKIs) are most frequently used, and lenvatinib, sorafenib, and cabozantinib have been approved for
Carla Colombo
Carla Colombo
Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Daniele Ceruti
Daniele Ceruti
Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Simone De Leo
Simone De Leo
Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
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Grzegorz Bilo
Grzegorz Bilo
Department of Cardiology, San Luca Hospital, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
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Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
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Matteo Trevisan
Matteo Trevisan
Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Noemi Giancola
Noemi Giancola
Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Claudia Moneta
Claudia Moneta
Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Gianfranco Parati
Gianfranco Parati
Department of Cardiology, San Luca Hospital, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
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Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
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Luca Persani
Luca Persani
Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
Department of Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Department of Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Laura Fugazzola
Laura Fugazzola
Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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, 3 ). In particular, in Europe, sorafenib and lenvatinib (LEN) can be used as-first line and cabozantinib as second-line treatment for RAI-R DTCs, while vandetanib and cabozantinib are first-line compounds for MTCs. In phase III trials, these drugs
Alice Nervo
Alice Nervo
Oncological Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Città della Salute e della Scienza Hospital, Turin, Italy
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Alberto Ragni
Alberto Ragni
Oncological Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Città della Salute e della Scienza Hospital, Turin, Italy
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Alessandro Piovesan
Alessandro Piovesan
Oncological Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Città della Salute e della Scienza Hospital, Turin, Italy
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Valentina Marica
Valentina Marica
Oncological Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Città della Salute e della Scienza Hospital, Turin, Italy
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Enrica Migliore
Enrica Migliore
Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Città della Salute e della Scienza Hospital, Turin, Italy
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Marco Gallo
Marco Gallo
Oncological Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Città della Salute e della Scienza Hospital, Turin, Italy
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Emanuela Arvat
Emanuela Arvat
Oncological Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Città della Salute e della Scienza Hospital, Turin, Italy
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Introduction Treatment with lenvatinib (LEN), a multitarget tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), has shown great efficacy in patients with advanced radioactive iodine-refractory (RAI-R) thyroid cancer (TC), both in clinical trials and in a real
