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Introduction MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNA molecules of 19-22 nucleotides in length that are capable of regulating gene expression at a translational level and binding to a complementary sequence found in the 3′-untranslated
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physiological and/or pathological cardiac remodeling [ 1 , 3 ]. Stimulation and repression of gene expression are the result of direct transcriptional effects as well as regulation of translation efficiency by microRNAs (miRNAs) [ 4 , 5 ]. In the case of
Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (Ipatimup), Porto, Portugal
Abel Salazar Biomedical Sciences Institute (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (Ipatimup), Porto, Portugal
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Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (Ipatimup), Porto, Portugal
Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal
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Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (Ipatimup), Porto, Portugal
Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal
Abel Salazar Biomedical Sciences Institute (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
Department of Pathology and Oncology, Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal
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). DICER1 is a member of the RNAse III family that plays a key role in the biogenesis involved in the processing of small non-coding RNAs (microRNAs), potentially affecting gene regulation at the post-transcriptional level. Since the first report in 2001
Department of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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, Douglas S, Makki FM, Pinto D, Butler AL, et al: Serum microRNA profiling to distinguish papillary thyroid cancer from benign thyroid masses. J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2015;44: 1. 10.1186/s40463-015-0083-5 26341226 7 Mazzaferri EL: Thyroid cancer
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& Rao DS . MicroRNAs in inflammation and immune responses . Leukemia 2012 26 404 – 413 . ( https://doi.org/10.1038/leu.2011.356 ) 13 Zhang L Masetti G Colucci G Salvi M Covelli D Eckstein A Kaiser U Draman MS Muller I Ludgate M
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IdiSNA (Instituto de investigación en la salud de Navarra), Pamplona, Spain
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-related mutations. The ThyroSeq approach has been proposed as a “rule-in” test [ 16 , 17 , 18 ], that is, a test with a high specificity. - Rossetta genomics is a platform recently developed that analyses the expression of a combination of micro-RNA (miRNA
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metabolic diseases ( 10 ). While DNA methylation works on the transcriptional level, micro-RNAs (miRNAs) influence translation. miRNAs are small, ~22 nucleotide-long, non-coding RNAs that bind to target mRNAs through the short complementary seed sequence and
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mediated by microRNA (miR). The role of epigenetic events in gene expression was first reported by Waddington [ 6 ]in 1942; however, only during the last decades has the importance of epigenetic mechanisms gained much attention. Epigenetic events are
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precursors to generate mature microRNAs (miRNAs), which, in turn, post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression. Carriers of DICER1 mutations are predisposed to developing a broad range of tumours of predominantly paediatric or adolescent onset [ 17 ], as
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10 Mansueto G, Forzati F, Ferraro A, Pallante P, Bianco M, Esposito F, Iaccarino A, Troncone G, Fusco A: Identification of a new pathway for tumor progression: microRNA-181B upregulation and CBX7 down-regulation by HMGA1 protein. Genes Cancer 2010