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Stine Linding Andersen Departments of Endocrinology, Aalborg, Denmark
Departments of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark

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Peter Laurberg Departments of Endocrinology, Aalborg, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark

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[ 2 ], and this may well lead to inadequate iodine intake among pregnant women because there is an increase in the need for iodine during pregnancy [ 3 , 4 ]. Thus, in recent years there has been much focus on the potential need for individual intake

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Peter Taylor Departments of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Royal United Hospital, Bath
Centre for Endocrine and Diabetes Sciences, Department of Medicine, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK

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Sandip Bhatt Departments of Gastroenterology, Royal United Hospital, Bath

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Ravi Gouni Departments of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Royal United Hospital, Bath

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Jonathan Quinlan Departments of Gastroenterology, Royal United Hospital, Bath

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Tony Robinson Departments of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Royal United Hospital, Bath

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What Is Known about This Topic • The prevalence of hyperthyroidism in pregnancy has been estimated to range between 0.1 and 1% [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ] and if untreated or poorly treated there is an increased risk of adverse outcomes including

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Sara Donato Endocrinology Department, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal

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Helder Simões Endocrinology Department, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal

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Valeriano Leite Endocrinology Department, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal

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than differentiated thyroid cancer; There are scarce data about malignant SO evolution during pregnancy. Novel Insight Pregnancy may represent a stimulus for malignant SO growth in patients with previous biochemical evidence of

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Suvi Turunen Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, PEDEGO Research Unit, Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu and University Hospital of Oulu, Oulu, Finland

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Marja Vääräsmäki Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, PEDEGO Research Unit, Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu and University Hospital of Oulu, Oulu, Finland

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Maarit Leinonen Information Services Department, Finnish Institute of Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland

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Mika Gissler Information Services Department, Finnish Institute of Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden

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Tuija Männistö Northern Finland Laboratory Centre Nordlab, Oulu, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Finland Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden

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Eila Suvanto Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, PEDEGO Research Unit, Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu and University Hospital of Oulu, Oulu, Finland

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Introduction Thyroid dysfunction affects up to 5–7% of all pregnancies [ 1 ]. Hypothyroidism in pregnant women is common with a prevalence of about 2-3%, and the prevalence of undiagnosed subclinical hypothyroidism in pregnancy is 3–15% [ 2

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Françoise Brucker-Davis Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Reproductive Medicine
Institut National de la Recherche Médicale, UMR U895, Université Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France

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Patricia Panaïa-Ferrari Departments of Biochemistry, UMR U895, Université Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France

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Jocelyn Gal Departments of Biostatistics, CHU de Nice, UMR U895, Université Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France

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Patrick Fénichel Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Reproductive Medicine
Institut National de la Recherche Médicale, UMR U895, Université Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France

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Sylvie Hiéronimus Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Reproductive Medicine

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Introduction The thyroid hormone economy changes profoundly during pregnancy to accommodate maternal and fetal needs [ 1 ]. The main factors involved are the βHCG secretion by the placenta (with its stimulatory effect on maternal thyroid), the

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Kris Poppe Endocrine Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital UZ Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium

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Alicja Hubalewska-Dydejczyk Department of Endocrinology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland

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Peter Laurberg Department of Endocrinology and Medicine, Aalborg Hospital, Aarhus University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark

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Roberto Negro Division of Endocrinology, V. Fazzi Hospital, Lecce

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Francesco Vermiglio Cattedra di Endocrinologia, Policlinico Universitario, Messina, Italy

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Bijay Vaidya Department of Endocrinology, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Exeter, UK

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Introduction The prevalence of hyperthyroidism in pregnancy ranges between 0.1 and 1% [ 1 ]. The most common cause of hyperthyroidism in pregnancy is Graves’ disease (GD), occurring in about 85% of cases. Gestational transient thyrotoxicosis

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Roberto Negro Division of Endocrinology, “V. Fazzi” Hospital, Lecce, Italy

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Roberto Attanasio Endocrinology Service, Galeazzi Institute IRCCS, Milan, Italy

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Enrico Papini Department of Endocrinology, Regina Apostolorum Hospital, Albano Laziale, Italy

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Rinaldo Guglielmi Department of Endocrinology, Regina Apostolorum Hospital, Albano Laziale, Italy

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Franco Grimaldi Endocrinology and Metabolic Disease Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria “S. Maria della Misericordia”, Udine, Italy

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Vincenzo Toscano Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Roma, Italy

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Dan Alexandru  Niculescu Department of Endocrinology, Carol Davila University of Medicine of Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania

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Diana Loreta  Paun Department of Endocrinology, Carol Davila University of Medicine of Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania

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Catalina Poiana Department of Endocrinology, Carol Davila University of Medicine of Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania

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Introduction An increasing number of studies focusing on thyroid disease and pregnancy have been published over the last decades. Such interest has been driven by at least 2 factors: the relevant number of women suffering from thyroid disease

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John Lazarus Thyroid Research Group, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Cardiff University, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff

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Rosalind S. Brown Clinical Trials Research Division of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass., USA

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Chantal Daumerie Endocrinologie, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium

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Alicja Hubalewska-Dydejczyk Department of Endocrinology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland

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Roberto Negro Division of Endocrinology, V. Fazzi Hospital, Lecce, Italy

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Bijay Vaidya Department of Endocrinology, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital and University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK

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Introduction Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) in pregnancy is defined by a serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) concentration higher than the upper limit of the pregnancy-related reference range associated with a normal serum thyroxine [T 4

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Stine Linding Andersen Departments of Endocrinology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark

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Louise Kolding Sørensen Departments of Endocrinology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark

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Anne Krejbjerg Departments of Endocrinology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark

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Margrethe Møller Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark

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Peter Laurberg Departments of Endocrinology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark

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Introduction Population median urinary iodine concentration (UIC) is the recommended method to assess iodine status [ 1 ]. UIC in pregnancy is extensively studied and adequate maternal iodine intake is of major concern [ 2 , 3 , 4

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Peter N. Taylor Thyroid Research Group, Institute of Experimental and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff
London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London

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Bijay Vaidya Department of Endocrinology, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital and Peninsula Medical School, Exeter, UK

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Introduction Hyperthyroidism in pregnancy is a serious condition, resulting in increased risk of adverse obstetric outcomes including miscarriage, stillbirth, pre-term birth and intra-uterine growth restriction [ 1 ]. Its management is complex

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