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Lei Xu Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
Xi’an Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi’an, China

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Junling Gao Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China

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Quan Wang Laboratory of Surgical Oncology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China

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Jichao Yin Xi’an Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi’an, China

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Pengfei Yu Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China

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Bin Bai Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China

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Ruixia Pei Xi’an Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi’an, China

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Dingzhang Chen Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China

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Guochun Yang Xi’an Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi’an, China

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Shiqi Wang Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China

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Mingxi Wan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China

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constructed. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), and AUC with 95% CI were calculated using the bivariate model. Meta-regression analysis was not conducted, due to the small number of included studies. Publication bias was

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Giorgio Grani Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy

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Livia Lamartina Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy

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Valeria Ramundo Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy

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Rosa Falcone Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy

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Cristiano Lomonaco Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy

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Laura Ciotti Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy

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Martina Barone Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy

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Marianna Maranghi Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy

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Vito Cantisani Diagnostic and Ultrasound Innovations Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico Umberto I, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy

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Sebastiano Filetti Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy

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Cosimo Durante Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy

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system, the indication for FNAC under each of the test conditions (i.e., current vs. proposed definition of TTW) was defined as a test positivity. We assessed sensitivity, specificity, and the proportion of nodules classified as FNAC-deferrable (test

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Nooshin Zargari Pathology Department, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran

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Maral Mokhtari Pathology Department, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran

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were recorded as negative. Only membranous staining of > 5% of the cells was considered positive: 1+ (5–25%), 2+ (26–50%), 3+ (51–75%), and 4+ (> 75%). Data analysis was done using SPSS 22. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV

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Zhaoqi Zhang Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Fourth hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China

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Josef Yu Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria

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Eva Rainer Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of General and Pediatric Radiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria

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Lindsay Hargitai Department of General Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria

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Zewen Jiang Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria

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Georgios Karanikas Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria

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Tatjana Traub-Weidinger Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria

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Richard Crevenna Department of Physical Medicine, Rehabilitation and Occupational Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.

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Marcus Hacker Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria

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Shuren Li Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria

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patient-related sensitivity of 95% (77/81), specificity of 93% (26/28), and accuracy of 94% (103/109) ( Table 1 ). Table 1 Diagnostic efficiency of [ 18 F]F-DOPA PET. TP TN Sensitivity Specificity Accuracy PPV NPV

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Tanja Diana Molecular Thyroid Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine I, Johannes Gutenberg University (JGU) Medical Center, Mainz, Germany

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Christian Wüster Endocrine Laboratory Prof. Wüster, Mainz, Germany

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Paul D. Olivo Department of Microbiology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA

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Angelica Unterrainer Molecular Thyroid Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine I, Johannes Gutenberg University (JGU) Medical Center, Mainz, Germany

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Jochem König Endocrine Laboratory Prof. Wüster, Mainz, Germany

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Michael Kanitz Molecular Thyroid Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine I, Johannes Gutenberg University (JGU) Medical Center, Mainz, Germany

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Artur Bossowski Department of Pediatrics, Endocrinology, and Diabetology, Medical University of Byalistok, Bialystok, Poland

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Brigitte Decallonne Division of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

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George J. Kahaly Molecular Thyroid Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine I, Johannes Gutenberg University (JGU) Medical Center, Mainz, Germany

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sensitivity for the TSAb bioassay. Table 2. TBII binding assay and TSAb/TBAb bioassay values in 40 undiluted serum samples from patients with autoimmune thyroid disease Functional TSHR Antibody Specificity Ten TBAb-Positive AITD

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Roussanka D. Kovatcheva Department of Endocrinology, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria

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Alexander D. Shinkov Department of Endocrinology, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria

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Inna D. Dimitrova Department of Endocrinology, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria

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Ralitsa B. Ivanova Department of Endocrinology, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria

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Kalin N. Vidinov Department of Endocrinology, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria

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Radina S. Ivanova Department of Endocrinology, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria

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to discriminate benign from malignant nodules, since cancer prevalence is 7–15% of all nodules [ 2 ]. US-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) with cytology has high sensitivity and specificity in differentiating benign from malignant nodules

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Yulia P. Sych Department of Endocrinology 1 at I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation

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Valentin V. Fadeev Department of Endocrinology 1 at I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation

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Elena P. Fisenko Laboratory of Ultrasound Diagnostics, Federal State Research Institution “B.V. Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery”, Moscow, Russian Federation

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Marina Kalashnikova Department of Endocrinology 1 at I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation

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moderate sensitivity (76.19–79.49%) and higher specificity (56.76–57.89%). The rate of unnecessary FNAB comprised 64.04–53.51% with EU-TIRADS and 42.11% with Kw-TIRADS (online suppl. Table 2). Discussion Ultrasound examination traditionally is

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Kristine Z Swan Department of ORL, Head- and Neck Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark

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Johnson Thomas Department of Endocrinology, Mercy Hospital, Springfield, Missouri, USA

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Viveque E Nielsen Department of ORL, Head- and Neck Surgery, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark

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Marie Louise Jespersen Department of Pathology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark

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Steen J Bonnema Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark

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similar to the test image, and the associated diagnosis is displayed to the physician for decision-making. In the initial internal validation study of AIBx, the negative predictive value (NPV) of the AIBx was 93.2%, while sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and

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Luca Persani Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milano, Italy
Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milano, Italy

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Patrice Rodien Service d’Endocrinologie-Diabétologie-Nutrition, Centre de référence des maladies rares de la Thyroïde et des récepteurs hormonaux, CHU d’Angers, Angers, France.

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Carla Moran Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
Endocrine Section, Beacon Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Ireland
Endocrinology Department, St Vincent’s University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland

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W Edward Visser Department of Internal Medicine and Rotterdam Thyroid Center, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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Stefan Groeneweg Department of Internal Medicine and Rotterdam Thyroid Center, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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Robin Peeters Department of Internal Medicine and Rotterdam Thyroid Center, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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Samuel Refetoff Departments of Medicine and Paediatrics and Committee on Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA

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Mark Gurnell Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK

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Paolo Beck-Peccoz Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milano, Italy

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Krishna Chatterjee Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK

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; altered color vision sensitivity Audiometry; AABR tests; Farnsworth–Munsell 100 Hue test with calculation of total error score; light- and darkness-adapted electroretinograms (ERG), with cone-specific chromatic stimuli. Neurological and cognitive

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Tamas Solymosi Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinic, Bugat Hospital, Gyöngyös, Hungary

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Laszlo Hegedüs Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark

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Steen Joop Bonnema Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark

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Andrea Frasoldati Endocrinology Unit of Arcispedale S. Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy

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Laszlo Jambor Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary

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Gabor Laszlo Kovacs 1st Department of Medicine, Flohr Ferenc Hospital, Kerepestarcsa, Hungary

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Enrico Papini Regina Apostolorum Hospital in Albano, Rome, Italy

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Karoly Rucz 1st Department of Medicine, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary

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Gilles Russ Unité Thyroïde et Tumeurs Endocrines – Pr Leenhardt Hôpital La Pitie Salpetriere, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France

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Zsolt Karanyi Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary

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Endre V. Nagy Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary

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of PERS and TIRSYS methodologies in relation to the largest diameter of the nodules. Statistical Methods Sensitivities, specificities, and the 95% confidence intervals of the approaches tested (TIRSYS and PERS) were calculated against the 3

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