Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
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Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
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Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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congenital or early postnatal onset and identified two novel heterozygous NKX2-1 frameshift mutations that were associated with typical neurological manifestations, absent pulmonary involvement and atypical thyroid phenotypes, such as lingual ectopy or non
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What Is Known about This Topic • Hyperthyroidism is a recognised cause of coronary artery spasm and routine thyroid function testing should be performed in all patients. • Thyroid dysfunction secondary to amiodarone therapy is common
Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Istinye University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
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Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
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patients with normal, goitrous or hypoplastic thyroid were included in the study, but those with TD due to ectopy and athyreosis were ruled out. This selection aimed to use financial resources more efficiently by studying CH patients with a more
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might manifest as either athyreosis, thyroid ectopy, hypoplasia or hemiagenesis [ 3 , 4 ]. All these phenotypes are considered to result from defects in embryonic thyroid development. The molecular mechanisms underlying TD in human newborns, however
Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Amsterdam Reproduction & Development Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Amsterdam Reproduction & Development Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Endocrine Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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reported incidence of 1 in 3600 live-born children in the Netherlands ( 11 ). Primary CH is mostly (80–85% of the cases) caused by thyroid dysgenesis, a group of entities including absence (thyroid agenesis), misplacement (thyroid ectopy) and hypoplastic