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Georgiana Sitoris Endocrine Unit Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Saint-Pierre, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium

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Flora Veltri Endocrine Unit Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Saint-Pierre, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium

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Malika Ichiche Endocrine Unit Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Saint-Pierre, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium

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Pierre Kleynen Endocrine Unit Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Saint-Pierre, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium

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Jean-Philippe Praet Department of Internal Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Saint-Pierre, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium

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Serge Rozenberg Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Saint-Pierre, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium

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Kris G Poppe Endocrine Unit Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Saint-Pierre, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium

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Introduction Thyroid autoimmunity (TAI) and (subclinical) hypothyroidism (SCH) have been associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, such as miscarriage, preterm birth, and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) ( 1 ). TAI and GDM have been

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Emna Jelloul Endocrine Unit Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Saint Pierre, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Rue Haute, Brussels, Belgium

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Georgiana Sitoris Endocrine Unit Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Saint Pierre, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Rue Haute, Brussels, Belgium

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Flora Veltri Endocrine Unit Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Saint Pierre, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Rue Haute, Brussels, Belgium

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Pierre Kleynen Endocrine Unit Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Saint Pierre, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Rue Haute, Brussels, Belgium

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Serge Rozenberg Departement of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Saint Pierre, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Rue Haute, Brussels, Belgium

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Kris G Poppe Endocrine Unit Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Saint Pierre, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Rue Haute, Brussels, Belgium

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) ( 3 , 7 , 9 ). Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the impact of sTSH levels during the late first to early second trimester on different maternal and neonatal outcomes (iron deficient anaemia (IDA), gestational diabetes (GDM), PTB

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Stine Linding Andersen Department of Endocrinology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg

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Jørn Olsen Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark

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Chun Sen Wu Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark

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Peter Laurberg Department of Endocrinology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg

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thyroid disease was associated with an increased risk of gestational diabetes [ 12 ]. Prepregnancy weight and gestational weight gain outside of recommended ranges increase the risk of birth weight not appropriate for gestational age [ 30 ] and obesity is

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Victor J M Pop Department of Medical Psychology, Tilburg University, The Netherlands

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Johannes G Krabbe Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Medisch Spectrum Twente, Medlon BV, Enschede, The Netherlands

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Maarten Broeren Department of Clinical Chemistry, Maxima Medical Centre, Veldhoven, The Netherlands

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Wilmar Wiersinga Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Margaret P Rayman Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK

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resulting in high concentrations of pro-inflammatory parameters – have repeatedly been associated with obstetric complications including: preterm birth, pre-eclampsia, gestational diabetes, intra-uterine growth retardation or large for gestational age babies

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Berta Soldevila Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition. Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Badalona, Spain
Institute for Health Science Research Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
Department of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Badalona, Spain

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Inés Velasco Institute for Health Science Research Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Badalona, Spain

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Carla Muñoz Institute for Health Science Research Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain

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Yesika Díaz Institute for Health Science Research Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
Health Department, Centre d’Estudis Epidemiològics sobre les Infeccions de Transmissió Sexual i Sida de Catalunya (CEEISCAT), Generalitat de Catalunya, Badalona, Spain

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Laia Egea-Cortés Institute for Health Science Research Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
Health Department, Centre d’Estudis Epidemiològics sobre les Infeccions de Transmissió Sexual i Sida de Catalunya (CEEISCAT), Generalitat de Catalunya, Badalona, Spain

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Laura Ferrer-Escopiñan Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition. Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Badalona, Spain
Institute for Health Science Research Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain

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Alejandra Pérez-Montes de Oca Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition. Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Badalona, Spain
Institute for Health Science Research Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain

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Raquel Martínez-Mondejar Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Badalona, Spain

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Jordi Casabona Institute for Health Science Research Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
Health Department, Centre d’Estudis Epidemiològics sobre les Infeccions de Transmissió Sexual i Sida de Catalunya (CEEISCAT), Generalitat de Catalunya, Badalona, Spain

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Manel Puig-Domingo Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition. Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Badalona, Spain
Institute for Health Science Research Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
Department of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Badalona, Spain

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antibodies; BMI, body mass index; FT4, free thyroxine; GDM, gestational diabetes mellitus; GHT, gestational hypertension/preeclampsia; hCG, human chorionic gonadotropin hormone; s.d. , standard deviation; TSH, thyrotropin. Concerning TAI, 37 women

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Berglind Jonsdottir Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden

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Markus Lundgren Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden

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Sara Wallengren Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden

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Åke Lernmark Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden

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Ida Jönsson Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden

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Helena Elding Larsson Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden

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events during pregnancy as well as the child’s gestational age and size at birth, (2) autoimmune diseases within the family, and (3) HLA-DQ genotypes for thyroid autoimmunity at 10 years of age in children followed in the Diabetes Prediction in Skåne

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Chae Won Chung Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital and Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea

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Kyungsik Kim Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea

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Sue K Park Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
Integrated Major in Innovative Medical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea

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Dal Lae Ju Department of Food Service and Nutrition Care, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea

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Young Joo Park Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital and Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea

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Choong Ho Shin Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children’s Hospital and Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea

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Jong Kwan Jun Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University Hospital and Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea

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June-Key Chung Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea

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Yoon Ju Song Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Korea

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Young Ah Lee Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children’s Hospital and Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea

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Gi Jeong Cheon Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea

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Sun Wook Cho Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital and Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea

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the proportion of sampling during the 2nd trimester was higher (46.2% vs 32.9%, P = 0.013) compared to singleton pregnancies. As a result, there were no differences in the rates of pregnancy-related hypertensive diseases (PRH), gestational diabetes

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Hongcheng Wei State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China

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Quanquan Guan State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China

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Qiurun Yu State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China

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Ting Chen Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Institute, Women’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China

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Xu Wang Department of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China

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Yankai Xia State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China

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information about their gestational age were also excluded. Participants with diagnosed hypothyroidism, subclinical hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, subclinical hyperthyroidism and other thyroid diseases ( n   = 767), type 1/2 diabetes ( n   = 378) and

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Stine Linding Andersen Department of Endocrinology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Aarhus, Denmark

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Jørn Olsen Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark

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Chun Sen Wu Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark

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Peter Laurberg Department of Endocrinology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Aarhus, Denmark

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gestational week 22 [ 2 ]. Of clinically recognized pregnancies, 10-15% terminate with spontaneous abortion [ 1 ]. Late pregnancy loss (stillbirth) is in Denmark defined as the birth of a child with no signs of life in or after gestational week 22 [ 2 ]. This

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Tim I.M. Korevaar Department of Internal Medicine and the Rotterdam Thyroid Center, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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Rima Dhillon-Smith Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, Tommy’s National Centre for Miscarriage Research and the Birmingham Clinical Trials Unit, the Birmingham Women’s and Children’s NHS Foundation Trust, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom

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Arri Coomarasamy Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, Tommy’s National Centre for Miscarriage Research and the Birmingham Clinical Trials Unit, the Birmingham Women’s and Children’s NHS Foundation Trust, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom

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Robin P. Peeters Department of Internal Medicine and the Rotterdam Thyroid Center, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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population-based prospective cohorts Serum TSH or FT4 or thyroid antibodies measured in pregnant women (any gestational age) Disease-specific prospective cohorts can be included for specific studies when deemed relevant Data on thyroid

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