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Temesgen Muche Ewunie Department of Human Nutrition, School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia

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Robel Hussen Kabthymer Department of Human Nutrition, School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia

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Samrawit Hailu Department of Reproductive Health, School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia

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Moges Mareg Department of Reproductive Health, School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia

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Tesfa Mengie Amhara Regional Health Bureau, CDC Project Zonal Monitoring and Evaluation Officer, Dessie, Ethiopia

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Daniel Sisay Epidemiology-Biostatistics Unit, School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia

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Getachew Arage Department of School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia

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literatures from January 9, 2022, to February 25, 2022. All studies were searched using the keywords (Prevalence) OR (magnitude) OR (epidemiology) OR (level) AND (associated factors) OR (determinants) AND (iodine concentration) AND (iodized salt) AND

Article Type:
Review Article
Collections:
Environment and thyroid function
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/ETJ-22-0066
Volume/Issue:
Volume 11: Issue 4
Open access
Stine Linding Andersen Departments of Endocrinology, Aalborg, Denmark
Departments of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark

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Peter Laurberg Departments of Endocrinology, Aalborg, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark

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Iodine Deficiency Disorders [ICCIDD, currently the Iodine Global Network (IGN)] [ 5 ]. According to this guideline, a median urinary iodine concentration (UIC) in the range of 100-199 µg/l in a population of school-aged children and nonpregnant adults

Article Type:
Review Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1159/000444254
Volume/Issue:
Volume 5: Issue 1
Free access
Tetsuya Mizokami Tajiri Thyroid Clinic, Kumamoto

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Shuji Fukata Tajiri Thyroid Clinic, Kumamoto
Department of Medicine, Kuma Hospital, Kobe

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Akira Hishinuma Department of Infection Control and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan

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Takahiko Kogai Department of Infection Control and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan

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Katsuhiko Hamada Tajiri Thyroid Clinic, Kumamoto

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Tetsushi Maruta Tajiri Thyroid Clinic, Kumamoto

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Kiichiro Higashi Tajiri Thyroid Clinic, Kumamoto

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Junichi Tajiri Tajiri Thyroid Clinic, Kumamoto

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. What Does This Case Report Add? • The iodine concentration in an ITD patient's breast milk is low. Possible iodine deficiency in the infant breast-fed by an ITD patient should be kept in mind. Introduction Iodide transport defect (ITD) is a

Article Type:
Case Report
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1159/000446496
Volume/Issue:
Volume 5: Issue 2
Free access
Eftychia G. Koukkou Endocrine Unit, E Venizelou Hospital, Athens

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Ioannis Ilias Endocrine Unit, E Venizelou Hospital, Athens

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Irene Mamalis Division of Endocrinology, University Medical School, University Hospital, Rion-Patras, Greece

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Kostas B. Markou Division of Endocrinology, University Medical School, University Hospital, Rion-Patras, Greece

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Introduction Adequate dietary iodine consumption, as determined by the urinary iodine concentration (UIC), is necessary for a normal thyroid function. During pregnancy, iodine requirements are increased [ 1 ] as a result of both the normal

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1159/000449285
Volume/Issue:
Volume 6: Issue 1
Free access
Eftychia Koukkou Department of Endocrinology, E Venizelou Maternity Hospital, Athens

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Ioannis Ilias Department of Endocrinology, E Venizelou Maternity Hospital, Athens

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Irene Mamalis Departments of Endocrinology, Patras, Greece

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Georgios G. Adonakis Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Patras Medical School, Patras, Greece

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Kostas B. Markou Departments of Endocrinology, Patras, Greece

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, according to the WHO recommendations, assessed using urinary iodine concentration (UIC) [ 8 ]. This can be measured either over 24 h or as a morning spot collection, and can be expressed either per gram creatinine or micrograms per liter. However, because

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1159/000446070
Volume/Issue:
Volume 5: Issue 2
Free access
Till Ittermann Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany

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Adrian Richter Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
German Rheumatism Research Center, Berlin, Germany

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Martin Junge Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany

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Matthias Nauck Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany

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Astrid Petersmann Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Interdisciplinary University Laboratory, University Medicine Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany

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Clemens Jürgens Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany

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Harald Below Institute of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany

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Carsten Oliver Schmidt Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany

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Henry Völzke Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany

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levels over time of blood sampling. For urinary iodine concentrations ( p = 0.436) and serum levels of fT3 ( p = 0.352), fT4 ( p = 0.252), and thyroglobulin ( p = 0.555) no such associations were observed. Fig. 4. Diurnal variation of serum

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1159/000507018
Volume/Issue:
Volume 10: Issue 2
Open access
Catarina Senra Moniz Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital do Divino Espírito Santo de Ponta Delgada, Ponta Delgada, Portugal

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Rita Carvalho Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital do Divino Espírito Santo de Ponta Delgada, Ponta Delgada, Portugal

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Susana Prazeres Laboratory of Endocrinology, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa de Francisco Gentil, Lisboa, Portugal

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Edward Limbert Department of Endocrinology, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa de Francisco Gentil, Lisboa, Portugal

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Inês Mendes Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital do Divino Espírito Santo de Ponta Delgada, Ponta Delgada, Portugal

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Rui César Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital do Divino Espírito Santo de Ponta Delgada, Ponta Delgada, Portugal

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, 4 ]. Dietary iodine is almost completely excreted through urine, so urinary iodine concentration (UIC) levels are excellent indicators of recent iodine intake [ 5 ]. According to the criteria of the WHO based upon epidemiological evidence, a daily

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1159/000511055
Volume/Issue:
Volume 10: Issue 2
Free access
Ying Sun Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China

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Di Teng Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China

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Lei Zhao Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning, China

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Xiaoguang Shi Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China

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Yongze Li Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China

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Zhongyan Shan Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China

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Weiping Teng Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China

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previous epidemiological study showed that TSH levels in the population increased with the increase in iodine intake, and hypothyroidism and SCH incidence increased in iodine-deficient areas ( 6 ). The majority of patients with autoimmune thyroiditis have

Article Type:
Research Article
Collections:
Environment and thyroid function
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/ETJ-21-0084
Volume/Issue:
Volume 11: Issue 3
Open access
John Lazarus Thyroid Research Group, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Cardiff University, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff

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Rosalind S. Brown Clinical Trials Research Division of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass., USA

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Chantal Daumerie Endocrinologie, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium

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Alicja Hubalewska-Dydejczyk Department of Endocrinology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland

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Roberto Negro Division of Endocrinology, V. Fazzi Hospital, Lecce, Italy

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Bijay Vaidya Department of Endocrinology, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital and University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK

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; either total (TT 4 ) or free (FT 4 )] concentration. The serum tri-iodothyronine (T 3 ) level is normal. It occurs in approximately 2-2.5% of pregnant women [ 1 ], although in China the incidence has been reported to be 4.0% [ 2 ], in Belgium 6.8% [ 3

Article Type:
Guideline
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1159/000362597
Volume/Issue:
Volume 3: Issue 2
Free access
Marta Kostecka-Matyja Chair and Department of Endocrinology, Jagiellonian University, Collegium Medicum, Krakow

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Anna Fedorowicz Chair and Department of Endocrinology, Jagiellonian University, Collegium Medicum, Krakow

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Ewa Bar-Andziak Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Medical University, Warsaw

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Tomasz Bednarczuk Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Medical University, Warsaw

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Monika Buziak-Bereza Chair and Department of Endocrinology, Jagiellonian University, Collegium Medicum, Krakow

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Paulina Dumnicka Department of Medical Diagnostics, Jagiellonian University, Collegium Medicum, Krakow

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Maria Górska Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University, Bialystok

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Małgorzata Krasnodębska Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Medical University, Warsaw

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Beata Niedźwiedzka Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Medical University, Warsaw

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Dorota Pach Chair and Department of Endocrinology, Jagiellonian University, Collegium Medicum, Krakow

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Marek Ruchała Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, University of Medical Sciences, Poznan

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Katarzyna Siewko Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University, Bialystok

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Bogdan Solnica Department of Diagnostics, Chair of Clinical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University, Collegium Medicum, Krakow, Poland

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Jerzy Sowiński Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, University of Medical Sciences, Poznan

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Małgorzata Szelachowska Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University, Bialystok

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Małgorzata Trofimiuk-Müldner Chair and Department of Endocrinology, Jagiellonian University, Collegium Medicum, Krakow

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Katarzyna Wachowiak-Ochmańska Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, University of Medical Sciences, Poznan

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Alicja Hubalewska-Dydejczyk Chair and Department of Endocrinology, Jagiellonian University, Collegium Medicum, Krakow

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concentration of estrogens, and a relative iodine deficiency [ 10 ]. Accordingly, it can be expected that thyrotropin (TSH) and free thyroid hormones concentrations in normal pregnancy differ from those in the general population. Moreover, dynamic changes occur

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1159/000453061
Volume/Issue:
Volume 6: Issue 2
Free access