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Introduction Multiple endocrine neoplasia 2A (MEN2A) syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder that includes medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC), pheochromocytoma and hyperparathyroidism. MTC is the most common manifestation (90–100%) of MEN2A
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–460. 10.1038/363458a0 8099202 2 Grozinsky-Glasberg S, Gross DJ: The multiple endocrine neoplasia syndromes; in Yalcin S, Öberg K (eds): Neuroendocrine Tumours: Diagnosis and Management. Berlin, Heidelberg, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015, pp 317
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disease occurs in the youngest affected children [ 13 , 14 , 15 ]. In hereditary cases, MTC is one of the components of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (MEN 2) syndrome, an autosomal dominant inherited syndrome with a variable phenotype displaying an
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sporadic or hereditary variant [ 1 ]. Hereditary MTC arises as a component of multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) type 2A or 2B or as familial MTC (FMTC). These are genetic tumor syndromes caused by germline mutations in the RET proto-oncogene and are
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Introduction Cowden syndrome (multiple hamartoma syndrome) is an autosomal dominant, inherited cancer syndrome associated with a mutation in the PTEN tumor suppressor gene. While Cowden syndrome is the most common inherited PTEN mutation
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;10:509–513. 7845675 22 Ponder BA: The phenotypes associated with ret mutations in the multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 syndrome. Cancer Res 1999;59:1736s–1741s. 23 Elisei R, Cosci B, Romei C, Bottici V, Renzini G, Molinaro E, Agate L, Vivaldi A
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part of the autosomal dominant inherited multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) type 2 syndrome or familial MTC in about 20-25% of cases and as a sporadic tumor in the remainder [ 2 , 3 ]. Concurrent appearance of medullary, follicular, and papillary
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during transfection). Missense mutations within exon 14 including p.Val804Met are known to cause FMTC and multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2a/b (MEN2a/b). However, the clinical significance of novel missense variants within this hotspot region of exon 14
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as a sporadic tumour in approximately 75% of cases and as an inherited disease in 25% [ 3 ]. Inherited cases are associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A (MEN2A), multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2B (MEN2B), and familial MTC (FMTC
Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Department of Medical Genetics, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
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Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A . Nature . 1993 Jun ; 363 ( 6428 ): 458 – 60 . 10.1038/363458a0 8099202 0028-0836 7 Eng C , Smith DP , Mulligan LM , Nagai MA , Healey CS , Ponder MA , et al. Point mutation within the