Laura Fugazzola
Laura Fugazzola
Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy
Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Maurilio Deandrea
Maurilio Deandrea
Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Department and Center for Thyroid Diseases, Ordine Mauriziano Hospital, Turin, Italy
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Stefano Borgato
Stefano Borgato
Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy
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Marco Dell’Acqua
Marco Dell’Acqua
Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy
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Francesca Retta
Francesca Retta
Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Department and Center for Thyroid Diseases, Ordine Mauriziano Hospital, Turin, Italy
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Alberto Mormile
Alberto Mormile
Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Department and Center for Thyroid Diseases, Ordine Mauriziano Hospital, Turin, Italy
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Chiara Carzaniga
Chiara Carzaniga
Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy
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Giacomo Gazzano
Giacomo Gazzano
Pathology Unit, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy
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Gabriele Pogliaghi
Gabriele Pogliaghi
Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Marina Muzza
Marina Muzza
Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy
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Luca Persani
Luca Persani
Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy
Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Introduction Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is an effective treatment for thyroid nodules, with a mean volume reduction ranging 50–90% at 1-year follow-up ( 1 ). As a general rule, the smaller the treated nodule the higher the volume reduction
Eduardo Crespo Vallejo
Eduardo Crespo Vallejo
Interventional Radiology, Hospital Universitario Fundacion Jiménez Diaz, Madrid, Spain
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Antonio Hermosin
Antonio Hermosin
Interventional Radiology, Hospital Universitario Fundacion Jiménez Diaz, Madrid, Spain
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Manuel Gargallo
Manuel Gargallo
Endocrinology, Hospital Universitario Fundacion Jiménez Diaz, Madrid, Spain
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Álvaro Villalba
Álvaro Villalba
Interventional Radiology, Hospital Universitario Fundacion Jiménez Diaz, Madrid, Spain
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Eduardo Daguer
Eduardo Daguer
Interventional Radiology, Hospital Universitario Fundacion Jiménez Diaz, Madrid, Spain
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José Flores
José Flores
Interventional Radiology, Hospital Universitario Fundacion Jiménez Diaz, Madrid, Spain
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Javier Periañez
Javier Periañez
Interventional Radiology, Hospital Universitario Fundacion Jiménez Diaz, Madrid, Spain
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Joaquim Amorín
Joaquim Amorín
Interventional Radiology, Hospital Universitario Fundacion Jiménez Diaz, Madrid, Spain
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Ernesto Santos
Ernesto Santos
Interventional Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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as hypoparathyroidism and recurrent laryngeal nerve injury, may occur ( 6 ). Moreover, patients will have a permanent scar on the neck. Bernardi et al. recently published a comparative cost analysis which concluded that radiofrequency ablation (RFA
Pi-Ling Chiang
Pi-Ling Chiang
Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
Thyroid Head and Neck Ablation Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan
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Thyroid Head and Neck Ablation Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan
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Sheng-Dean Luo
Sheng-Dean Luo
Thyroid Head and Neck Ablation Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan
Department of Otolaryngology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Department of Otolaryngology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Yen-Hsiang Chang
Yen-Hsiang Chang
Thyroid Head and Neck Ablation Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan
Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Chen-Kai Chou
Chen-Kai Chou
Thyroid Head and Neck Ablation Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Shun-Yu Chi
Shun-Yu Chi
Thyroid Head and Neck Ablation Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan
Departments of Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Departments of Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Yi-Fan Chen
Yi-Fan Chen
Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
Thyroid Head and Neck Ablation Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan
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Thyroid Head and Neck Ablation Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan
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Wei-Che Lin
Wei-Che Lin
Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
Thyroid Head and Neck Ablation Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan
Department of Radiology, Jen-Ai Hospital, Dali Branch, Taichung, Taiwan
School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
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Thyroid Head and Neck Ablation Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan
Department of Radiology, Jen-Ai Hospital, Dali Branch, Taichung, Taiwan
School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
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/FLUS) category, known as Bethesda category III, has been ascribed a malignancy risk of 5–15% ( 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ). According to international guidelines, Bethesda III thyroid nodules are not considered an indication of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) ( 6 , 7
Yanping Ma
Yanping Ma
Department of Medical Ultrasound, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou City, China
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Tao Wu
Tao Wu
Department of Medical Ultrasound, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou City, China
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Zhicheng Yao
Zhicheng Yao
General Surgery Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou City, China
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Bowen Zheng
Bowen Zheng
Department of Medical Ultrasound, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou City, China
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Lei Tan
Lei Tan
Department of Medical Ultrasound, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou City, China
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Ge Tong
Ge Tong
Department of Medical Ultrasound, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou City, China
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Yufan Lian
Yufan Lian
Department of Medical Ultrasound, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou City, China
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Jung Hwan Baek
Jung Hwan Baek
Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Jie Ren
Jie Ren
Department of Medical Ultrasound, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou City, China
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has several drawbacks [ 3 , 4 ], radiofrequency ablation (RFA), a minimally invasive treatment modality, was introduced and has been reported to be safe and effective for treating BTNs [ 5 - 8 ]. However, the delicate structures around the thyroid are
Roberto Negro
Roberto Negro
Division of Endocrinology, V. Fazzi Hospital, Lecce, Italy
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Matteo Rucco
Matteo Rucco
United Technology Research Center, Trento, Italy
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Annalisa Creanza
Annalisa Creanza
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Mauriziano Hospital Umberto I, Turin, Italy
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Alberto Mormile
Alberto Mormile
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Mauriziano Hospital Umberto I, Turin, Italy
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Paolo Piero Limone
Paolo Piero Limone
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Mauriziano Hospital Umberto I, Turin, Italy
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Roberto Garberoglio
Roberto Garberoglio
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Molinette Hospital, Turin, Italy
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Stefano Spiezia
Stefano Spiezia
Endocrine Surgery, Ospedale del Mare, ASL NA1 Centro, Naples, Italy
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Salvatore Monti
Salvatore Monti
Endocrinology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Sant’Andrea, Rome, Italy
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Christian Cugini
Christian Cugini
Radiology Department, Villa Salus Hospital, Venice, Italy
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Ghassan El Dalati
Ghassan El Dalati
Radiology Department, Policlinico G.B. Rossi, Verona, Italy
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Maurilio Deandrea
Maurilio Deandrea
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Mauriziano Hospital Umberto I, Turin, Italy
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available choice to solve the problem of mass effect in such cases. In recent years, thermal treatments such as radiofrequency (RF) and laser (L) therapy have shown to be a reliable alternative to surgery as a result of their ability to induce a significant
Rui Guo
Rui Guo
Department of Medical Ultrasonics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Hepatology Research, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
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Bowen Zheng
Bowen Zheng
Department of Medical Ultrasonics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Hepatology Research, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
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Tao Wu
Tao Wu
Department of Medical Ultrasonics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Hepatology Research, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
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Yufan Lian
Yufan Lian
Department of Medical Ultrasonics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Hepatology Research, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
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Tinghui Yin
Tinghui Yin
Department of Medical Ultrasonics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Hepatology Research, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
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Yuting He
Yuting He
Department of Medical Ultrasonics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Hepatology Research, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
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Jingya Qin
Jingya Qin
Department of Medical Ultrasonics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Hepatology Research, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
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Zhicheng Yao
Zhicheng Yao
Department of General Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Hepatology Research, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
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Wen Xu
Wen Xu
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Hepatology Research, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
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Jie Ren
Jie Ren
Department of Medical Ultrasonics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Hepatology Research, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
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to severe complications are high, as is the prevalence of hypothyroidism. As a result, nonsurgical and minimally invasive interventions like radiofrequency ablation (RFA) have been widely used and recognized as highly effective and safe treatment
Enrico Papini
Enrico Papini
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Regina Apostolorum Hospital, Rome, Italy
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Hervé Monpeyssen
Hervé Monpeyssen
Thyroid Unit, American Hospital, Paris, France
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Andrea Frasoldati
Andrea Frasoldati
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova IRCCS-ASL, Reggio Emilia, Italy
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Laszlo Hegedüs
Laszlo Hegedüs
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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lesions (1, ØØØO). Thermal Treatment: Currently Available Techniques Among the currently available TA techniques for benign thyroid nodules, laser thermal ablation (LTA), radiofrequency ablation (RFA), microwave ablation (MWA), and high
Giovanni Mauri
Giovanni Mauri
Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
Division of Interventional Radiology, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
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Division of Interventional Radiology, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
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Laszlo Hegedüs
Laszlo Hegedüs
Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Steven Bandula
Steven Bandula
Interventional Oncology Service, University College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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Roberto Luigi Cazzato
Roberto Luigi Cazzato
Department of Interventional Radiology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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Agnieszka Czarniecka
Agnieszka Czarniecka
The Oncologic and Reconstructive Surgery Clinic, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Gliwice, Poland
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Oliver Dudeck
Oliver Dudeck
Center for Microtherapy, Klinik Hirslanden, Zurich, Switzerland
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Laura Fugazzola
Laura Fugazzola
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Romana Netea-Maier
Romana Netea-Maier
Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Gilles Russ
Gilles Russ
Thyroid and Endocrine Tumors Unit, La Pitie-Salpetriere Hospital, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
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Göran Wallin
Göran Wallin
Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
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Enrico Papini
Enrico Papini
Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Ospedale Regina Apostolorum, Albano, Italy
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often, a fixed power protocol is used with LA, changing the total amount of energy delivered according to target tumor size and US modifications [ 25 , 26 ]. Radiofrequency Ablation An alternating electric current is applied to the target tissue
Roberto Negro
Roberto Negro
Division of Endocrinology, “V. Fazzi” Hospital, Lecce
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Roberto Attanasio
Roberto Attanasio
Endocrinology Service, Galeazzi Institute IRCCS, Milan
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Franco Grimaldi
Franco Grimaldi
Endocrinology and Metabolic Disease Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria “S. Maria della Misericordia,” Udine
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Andrea Frasoldati
Andrea Frasoldati
Division of Endocrinology, IRCCS Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia
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Rinaldo Guglielmi
Rinaldo Guglielmi
Department of Endocrinology, Regina Apostolorum Hospital, Albano Laziale, Italy
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Enrico Papini
Enrico Papini
Department of Endocrinology, Regina Apostolorum Hospital, Albano Laziale, Italy
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with a 4.0-cm spongiform nodule and compressive symptoms, ∼46% each would choose surgery or laser/radiofrequency ablation, while <4% would choose US monitoring. Discussion This is the first survey developed after publication of the 2015 ATA
Roberto Negro
Roberto Negro
Division of Endocrinology, “V. Fazzi” Hospital, Lecce, Italy
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Pierpaolo Trimboli
Pierpaolo Trimboli
Clinic for Nuclear Medicine and Competence Center for Thyroid Diseases, Imaging Institute of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Bellinzona, Switzerland
Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana (USI), Lugano, Switzerland
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Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana (USI), Lugano, Switzerland
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-of-the-art in TA, clearly define the standard technical procedures, and the indications for which such techniques should be routinely used. TA, foremost represented by laser and radiofrequency ablation, are minimally invasive techniques predominantly used to
