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Xian Qiu Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China

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Lin Cheng Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China

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Ri Sa Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China

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Hao Fu Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
Department of Nuclear Medicine & Minnan PET Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China

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Yuchen Jin Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA

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Libo Chen Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China

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commonly achieved because of its indolent nature and adequate management strategies, including surgery, radioiodine ( 131 I) treatment, and levothyroxine therapy ( 2 ). However, persistent/recurrent or metastatic DTC, which is refractory to 131 I therapy

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Abdul Rehman Syed University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada

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Aakash Gorana Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada

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Erik Nohr Alberta Precision Laboratories, Molecular Pathology Program, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada

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Xiaoli-Kat Yuan Precision Oncology Hub Laboratory, Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada

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Parthiv Amin MASc Department of Radiology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary Alberta, Canada

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Sana Ghaznavi Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada

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Debbie Lamb Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada

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John McIntyre Precision Oncology Hub Laboratory, Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada

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Markus Eszlinger Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, and Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada

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Ralf Paschke Departments of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Oncology, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada

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treatment ( 1 ). Two-thirds of metastatic DTCs lose their ability to uptake radioiodine (RAI) due to oncogene driver mutations silencing thyroid iodide-metabolizing genes, causing them to be RAI-resistant or refractory ( 1 , 2 , 3 ). Patients with RAI

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E.N. Klein Hesselink Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

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T.P. Links Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

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, standardized treatment has consisted of a total thyroidectomy accompanied by a central or lateral neck lymph node dissection if indicated, followed by radioiodine ( 131 I) ablation, and thyroid hormone suppression therapy (THST) during follow-up. Although

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Aamna Hassan Departments of Nuclear Medicine, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Lahore, Pakistan

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Saima Riaz Departments of Nuclear Medicine, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Lahore, Pakistan

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Humayun Bashir Departments of Nuclear Medicine, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Lahore, Pakistan

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M. Khalid Nawaz Departments of Nuclear Medicine, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Lahore, Pakistan

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Raza Hussain Departments of Surgical Oncology, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Lahore, Pakistan

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Introduction Differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) is typically indolent if treated early and appropriately. A small subset of more aggressive disease progresses to radioiodine resistance. Based on the American Thyroid Association (ATA) risk of

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Yasmine Abdellaoui Department of Internal Medicine, Foch Hospital, Suresnes, France

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Dimitra Magkou Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Ambroise Paré Universitary Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Boulogne, France

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Sofia Bakopoulou Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Ambroise Paré Universitary Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Boulogne, France

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Ramona Zaharia Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Ambroise Paré Universitary Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Boulogne, France

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Marie-Laure Raffin-Sanson Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Ambroise Paré Universitary Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Boulogne, France
EA 4340, Université Versailles Saint Quentin en Yvelines, UFR Simone Veil Santé, Montigny le Bretonneux, France

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Laure Cazabat Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Ambroise Paré Universitary Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Boulogne, France
EA 4340, Université Versailles Saint Quentin en Yvelines, UFR Simone Veil Santé, Montigny le Bretonneux, France

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What Is Known about This Topic? Both Graves’ disease and autoimmune hypothyroidism were described in patients with resistance to thyroid hormone beta (RTHβ). Undiagnosed RTHβ can lead to misdiagnosis of Graves’ disease. The

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Lucie Allard Sorbonne Université, GRC n°16, GRC Tumeurs Thyroïdiennes, Unité Thyroïde-Tumeurs Endocrines, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France

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Jérôme Alexandre Denis Sorbonne Université, GRC n°16, GRC Tumeurs Thyroïdiennes, Service de Biochimie Endocrinienne et Oncologique, UF Oncobiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, Pitié Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France

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Gaëlle Godiris Petit Sorbonne Université, GRC n°16, GRC Tumeurs Thyroïdiennes, Service de Chirurgie Générale, Viscérale et Endocrinienne, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France

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Gabrielle Deniziaut Sorbonne Université, GRC n°16, GRC Tumeurs Thyroïdiennes, Service d’Anatomo-Pathologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France

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Cécile Ghander Sorbonne Université, GRC n°16, GRC Tumeurs Thyroïdiennes, Unité Thyroïde-Tumeurs Endocrines, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France

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Elise Mathy Sorbonne Université, GRC n°16, GRC Tumeurs Thyroïdiennes, Unité Thyroïde-Tumeurs Endocrines, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France

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Erell Guillerm Sorbonne Université, GRC n°16, GRC Tumeurs Thyroïdiennes, UF d’Onco-Angiogénétique et Génomique des Tumeurs Solides, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France

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Charlotte Lussey-Lepoutre Sorbonne Université, GRC n°16, GRC Tumeurs Thyroïdiennes, Service de Médecine Nucléaire, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France

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Laurence Leenhardt Sorbonne Université, GRC n°16, GRC Tumeurs Thyroïdiennes, Unité Thyroïde-Tumeurs Endocrines, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France

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Camille Buffet Sorbonne Université, GRC n°16, GRC Tumeurs Thyroïdiennes, Unité Thyroïde-Tumeurs Endocrines, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France

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known for being predictive of radioiodine resistance ( 1 ). Considering both mutations and the patient’s advanced age and low autonomy, the multidisciplinary panel agreed to avoid iodine treatment. Post-operative 3-month evaluation showed an empty

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Nandhini Lakshmana Perumal Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India

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Jayakumar Selvi Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India

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Kalyani Sridharan Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India

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Jayaprakash Sahoo Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India

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Sadishkumar Kamalanathan Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India

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abnormal glucose tolerance and diabetes mellitus have been reported to occur in a significant proportion of patients with hyperthyroidism [ 2 ]. Several factors like changes in insulin resistance, beta-cell function, abnormal gastric emptying, and

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Pepijn van Houten Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands

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James Nagarajah Roentgeninstitut Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands

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Janneke E W Walraven Department of Medical Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands

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Martin Jaeger Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands

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Adriana C H van Engen-van Grunsven Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands

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Johannes W Smit Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands

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Romana T Netea-Maier Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania

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-enable treatment with RAI for tumors previously deemed RAI refractory, potentially providing patients with new treatment options ( 5 ). RAI resistance can be the consequence of the so-called NMTC ‘dedifferentiation’, which is a process in which the accumulation

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Luca Persani Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milano, Italy
Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milano, Italy

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Patrice Rodien Service d’Endocrinologie-Diabétologie-Nutrition, Centre de référence des maladies rares de la Thyroïde et des récepteurs hormonaux, CHU d’Angers, Angers, France.

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Carla Moran Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
Endocrine Section, Beacon Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Ireland
Endocrinology Department, St Vincent’s University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland

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W Edward Visser Department of Internal Medicine and Rotterdam Thyroid Center, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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Stefan Groeneweg Department of Internal Medicine and Rotterdam Thyroid Center, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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Robin Peeters Department of Internal Medicine and Rotterdam Thyroid Center, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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Samuel Refetoff Departments of Medicine and Paediatrics and Committee on Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA

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Mark Gurnell Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK

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Paolo Beck-Peccoz Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milano, Italy

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Krishna Chatterjee Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK

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exert their physiological effects principally by regulating the expression of target genes via hormone-inducible nuclear receptors (TRα and TRβ). A consensus statement after the 12th International Workshop on resistance to thyroid hormone widened the

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Simone De Leo Division of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy

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Carla Colombo Division of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy

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Marta Di Stefano Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy

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Antonella Dubini Division of Laboratory Medicine, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy

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Silvia Cozzi Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy

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Luca Persani Division of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy

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Laura Fugazzola Division of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy

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, which is a potent inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor receptors, currently used for advanced, radioiodine refractory differentiated TC [ 4 ]. In the registration study, as in the “real life” following reports, weight loss occurred in 46

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