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Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Department of Nuclear Medicine & Minnan PET Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
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commonly achieved because of its indolent nature and adequate management strategies, including surgery, radioiodine ( 131 I) treatment, and levothyroxine therapy ( 2 ). However, persistent/recurrent or metastatic DTC, which is refractory to 131 I therapy
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treatment ( 1 ). Two-thirds of metastatic DTCs lose their ability to uptake radioiodine (RAI) due to oncogene driver mutations silencing thyroid iodide-metabolizing genes, causing them to be RAI-resistant or refractory ( 1 , 2 , 3 ). Patients with RAI
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, standardized treatment has consisted of a total thyroidectomy accompanied by a central or lateral neck lymph node dissection if indicated, followed by radioiodine ( 131 I) ablation, and thyroid hormone suppression therapy (THST) during follow-up. Although
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Introduction Differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) is typically indolent if treated early and appropriately. A small subset of more aggressive disease progresses to radioiodine resistance. Based on the American Thyroid Association (ATA) risk of
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EA 4340, Université Versailles Saint Quentin en Yvelines, UFR Simone Veil Santé, Montigny le Bretonneux, France
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EA 4340, Université Versailles Saint Quentin en Yvelines, UFR Simone Veil Santé, Montigny le Bretonneux, France
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What Is Known about This Topic? Both Graves’ disease and autoimmune hypothyroidism were described in patients with resistance to thyroid hormone beta (RTHβ). Undiagnosed RTHβ can lead to misdiagnosis of Graves’ disease. The
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known for being predictive of radioiodine resistance ( 1 ). Considering both mutations and the patient’s advanced age and low autonomy, the multidisciplinary panel agreed to avoid iodine treatment. Post-operative 3-month evaluation showed an empty
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abnormal glucose tolerance and diabetes mellitus have been reported to occur in a significant proportion of patients with hyperthyroidism [ 2 ]. Several factors like changes in insulin resistance, beta-cell function, abnormal gastric emptying, and
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Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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-enable treatment with RAI for tumors previously deemed RAI refractory, potentially providing patients with new treatment options ( 5 ). RAI resistance can be the consequence of the so-called NMTC ‘dedifferentiation’, which is a process in which the accumulation
Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
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Endocrine Section, Beacon Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Ireland
Endocrinology Department, St Vincent’s University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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exert their physiological effects principally by regulating the expression of target genes via hormone-inducible nuclear receptors (TRα and TRβ). A consensus statement after the 12th International Workshop on resistance to thyroid hormone widened the
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Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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, which is a potent inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor receptors, currently used for advanced, radioiodine refractory differentiated TC [ 4 ]. In the registration study, as in the “real life” following reports, weight loss occurred in 46