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Stéphane Bardet Department of Nuclear Medicine and Thyroid Unit, Centre François Baclesse, Caen, France

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Renaud Ciappuccini Department of Nuclear Medicine and Thyroid Unit, Centre François Baclesse, Caen, France

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Livia Lamartina Department of Nuclear Medicine and Endocrine Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France

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Sophie Leboulleux Department of Nuclear Medicine and Endocrine Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France

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selpercatinib. Introduction Serum tumour markers are important tools in the management of patients with medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) ( 1 ). Serum calcitonin (CT) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) are produced by neoplastic C-cells, and their

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Hrvoje Jakovac Department of Physiology, Immunology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia

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Antun Ferenčić Department of Forensic Medicine and Criminalistics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia

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Christophe Stemberger Department of Pathology, Clinical Hospital Centre Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia

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Bojana Mohar Vitezić Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia

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Dražen Cuculić Department of Forensic Medicine and Criminalistics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia

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these Sars-Cov-2 antigens, similar having also been demonstrated in other epithelial tissues ( 5 ), suggests the possibility of S protein shedding in the thyroid gland, leaving behind targets of the immune system even after viral clearance. Interestingly

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Elena Sabini Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrinology Units, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

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Ilaria Ionni Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrinology Units, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

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Roberto Rocchi Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrinology Units, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

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Paolo Vitti Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrinology Units, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

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Claudio Marcocci Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrinology Units, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

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Michele Marinò Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrinology Units, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

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What Is Known about This Topic? Graves’ orbitopathy is believed to be the consequence of autoimmunity against antigens present both in the thyroid and in orbital tissues. Massive release of thyroid antigens causes the appearance or

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Filipe Pereira Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Multidisciplinary Unit for Biomedical Research (UMIB), ICBAS, University of Porto, Porto

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Sofia S. Pereira Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Multidisciplinary Unit for Biomedical Research (UMIB), ICBAS, University of Porto, Porto
Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (I3S), Universidade do Porto

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Marta Mesquita Serviço de Anatomia Patológica, Instituto Português Oncologia de Lisboa, Francisco Gentil, Lisbon

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Tiago Morais Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Multidisciplinary Unit for Biomedical Research (UMIB), ICBAS, University of Porto, Porto

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Madalena M. Costa Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Multidisciplinary Unit for Biomedical Research (UMIB), ICBAS, University of Porto, Porto

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Pedro Quelhas Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (I3S), Universidade do Porto
Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica (INEB), Universidade do Porto, Porto

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Carlos Lopes Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP)
Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto

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Mariana P. Monteiro Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Multidisciplinary Unit for Biomedical Research (UMIB), ICBAS, University of Porto, Porto

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Valeriano Leite Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
Serviço de Endocrinologia, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa, Francisco Gentil, Lisbon, Portugal

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significant. Results Tumor, Peritumoral, and Normal Thyroid Tissue Lymph Vessel Density Immunohistochemistry targeting the D2-40 antigen, an O-linked sialoglycoprotein found on the lymphatic endothelium, allowed lymph vessels staining in the

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Simona Censi Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, Padua, Italy

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Elisabetta Cavedon Familial Tumor Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology, (IOV)-IRCCS, Padua, Italy

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Sara Watutantrige-Fernando Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, Padua, Italy

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Susi Barollo Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, Padua, Italy

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Loris Bertazza Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, Padua, Italy

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Jacopo Manso Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, Padua, Italy

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Maurizio Iacobone Surgery Unit, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences (DiSCOG), University of Padua, Padua, Italy

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Davide Nacamulli Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, Padua, Italy

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Francesca Galuppini Surgical Pathology & Cytopathology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, Padua, Italy

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Gianmaria Pennelli Surgical Pathology & Cytopathology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, Padua, Italy

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Caterina Mian Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, Padua, Italy

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, Karabakhtsian RG . Disparity between tissue and serum calcitonin and carcinoembryonic antigen in a patient with medullary thyroid carcinoma . Endocrine . 2011 Apr ; 39 ( 2 ): 148 – 52 . 10.1007/s12020-010-9433-2 21243446 1355-008X 4 Moley JF

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Bertrand Volard Departments of Biopathology, Centre François Baclesse, Caen, France

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Sophie Krieger EA 1772, University of Basse-Normandie, Centre François Baclesse, Caen, France
Departments of Biopathology, Centre François Baclesse, Caen, France

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Gaétane Planchard Departments of Biopathology, Centre François Baclesse, Caen, France

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Agnès Hardouin Departments of Biopathology, Centre François Baclesse, Caen, France

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Dominique Vaur Departments of Biopathology, Centre François Baclesse, Caen, France

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Jean-Pierre Rame Departments of Head and Neck Surgery, Centre François Baclesse, Caen, France

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Stéphane Bardet Departments of Nuclear Medicine and Thyroid Unit, Centre François Baclesse, Caen, France

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, Gupta S, Gupta A, Suri A: Sperm-associated antigen 9: a novel diagnostic marker for thyroid cancer. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009;94:4613–4618. 10.1210/jc.2009-0703 11 Garg M, Chaurasiya D, Rana R, Jagadish N, Kanojia D, Dudha N, Kamran N, Salhan

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Cosimo Rodia Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrinology Units, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

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Francesca Menconi Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrinology Units, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

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Laura Mazoni Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrinology Units, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

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Liborio Torregrossa Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology, Pathology Unit, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

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Fulvio Basolo Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology, Pathology Unit, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

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Paolo Vitti Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrinology Units, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

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Claudio Marcocci Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrinology Units, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

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Michele Marinò Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrinology Units, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

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extrathyroidal manifestation of GD, the pathogenesis is believed to reflect autoimmunity against antigens constitutively expressed by the thyroid and by the extrathyroidal affected tissues. According to another hypothesis, soluble antigens released from the

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Laura Tosatto Human Technopole, Milano, Italy

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Francesca Coscia Human Technopole, Milano, Italy

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portion of Tg stores iodine and hormones in an extracellular cross-linked matrix called the colloid (7). Tg is also a major antigen in thyroid autoimmune diseases, often due to follicle leaking processes of various origin (8). (C) Overall structure of Tg

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George J. Kahaly Department of Medicine I, Johannes Gutenberg University (JGU) Medical Center, Mainz, Germany

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Luigi Bartalena Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy

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Lazlo Hegedüs Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark

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Laurence Leenhardt Thyroid and Endocrine Tumors Unit, Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Sorbonne University, Paris, France

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Kris Poppe Endocrine Unit, CHU Saint-Pierre, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium

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Simon H. Pearce Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom

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human leukocyte antigen in Graves’ disease. Front Endocrinol 2016; 7: 120. 14 Lee HJ, Li CW, Hammerstad SS, Stefan M, Tomer Y: Immunogenetics of autoimmune thyroid diseases: a comprehensive review. J Autoimmun 2015; 64: 82–90. 15 Strieder

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Earn H. Gan Institute of Genetic Medicine, International Centre for Life, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom

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Anna L. Mitchell Institute of Genetic Medicine, International Centre for Life, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom

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Ruth Plummer Institute of Genetic Medicine, International Centre for Life, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom

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Simon Pearce Institute of Genetic Medicine, International Centre for Life, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom

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Petros Perros Institute of Genetic Medicine, International Centre for Life, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom

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-Taylor P, Pearce SH: The cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 is a major Graves’ disease locus. Hum Mol Genet 1999;8: 1195–1199. 10.1093/hmg/8.7.1195 10369864 23 Min L, Vaidya A, Becker C: Thyroid autoimmunity and ophthalmopathy related to melanoma

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