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selpercatinib. Introduction Serum tumour markers are important tools in the management of patients with medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) ( 1 ). Serum calcitonin (CT) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) are produced by neoplastic C-cells, and their
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these Sars-Cov-2 antigens, similar having also been demonstrated in other epithelial tissues ( 5 ), suggests the possibility of S protein shedding in the thyroid gland, leaving behind targets of the immune system even after viral clearance. Interestingly
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What Is Known about This Topic? Graves’ orbitopathy is believed to be the consequence of autoimmunity against antigens present both in the thyroid and in orbital tissues. Massive release of thyroid antigens causes the appearance or
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Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (I3S), Universidade do Porto
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Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica (INEB), Universidade do Porto, Porto
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Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto
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Serviço de Endocrinologia, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa, Francisco Gentil, Lisbon, Portugal
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significant. Results Tumor, Peritumoral, and Normal Thyroid Tissue Lymph Vessel Density Immunohistochemistry targeting the D2-40 antigen, an O-linked sialoglycoprotein found on the lymphatic endothelium, allowed lymph vessels staining in the
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, Karabakhtsian RG . Disparity between tissue and serum calcitonin and carcinoembryonic antigen in a patient with medullary thyroid carcinoma . Endocrine . 2011 Apr ; 39 ( 2 ): 148 – 52 . 10.1007/s12020-010-9433-2 21243446 1355-008X 4 Moley JF
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Departments of Biopathology, Centre François Baclesse, Caen, France
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, Gupta S, Gupta A, Suri A: Sperm-associated antigen 9: a novel diagnostic marker for thyroid cancer. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009;94:4613–4618. 10.1210/jc.2009-0703 11 Garg M, Chaurasiya D, Rana R, Jagadish N, Kanojia D, Dudha N, Kamran N, Salhan
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extrathyroidal manifestation of GD, the pathogenesis is believed to reflect autoimmunity against antigens constitutively expressed by the thyroid and by the extrathyroidal affected tissues. According to another hypothesis, soluble antigens released from the
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portion of Tg stores iodine and hormones in an extracellular cross-linked matrix called the colloid (7). Tg is also a major antigen in thyroid autoimmune diseases, often due to follicle leaking processes of various origin (8). (C) Overall structure of Tg
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human leukocyte antigen in Graves’ disease. Front Endocrinol 2016; 7: 120. 14 Lee HJ, Li CW, Hammerstad SS, Stefan M, Tomer Y: Immunogenetics of autoimmune thyroid diseases: a comprehensive review. J Autoimmun 2015; 64: 82–90. 15 Strieder
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-Taylor P, Pearce SH: The cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 is a major Graves’ disease locus. Hum Mol Genet 1999;8: 1195–1199. 10.1093/hmg/8.7.1195 10369864 23 Min L, Vaidya A, Becker C: Thyroid autoimmunity and ophthalmopathy related to melanoma