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Camille Galy-Bernadoy Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital of Nîmes, Nîmes, France

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Benjamin Lallemant Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital of Nîmes, Nîmes, France

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Guillaume Chambon Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital of Nîmes, Nîmes, France

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Huy Trang Pham Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital of Nîmes, Nîmes, France

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Christophe Reynaud Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital of Nîmes, Nîmes, France

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Caroline Alovisetti Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital of Nîmes, Nîmes, France

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Quentin Bonduelle Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital of Nîmes, Nîmes, France

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Anne Marie Guedj Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, University Hospital of Nîmes, Nîmes, France

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Serge Lumbroso Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Hospital of Nîmes, Nîmes, France

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David-Paul De Brauwere Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Hospital of Nîmes, Nîmes, France

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Introduction A total thyroidectomy is a common procedure, whose most frequent postoperative complication is hypoparathyroidism (hypoPTH). Medically, hypoPTH can cause disabling symptoms that may prove to be life-threatening [ 1 ]. Economically

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Emilie Sonne-Holm Department of Otorhinolaryngology Surgery, Rigshospitalet University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Christoffer Holst Hahn Department of Otorhinolaryngology Surgery, Rigshospitalet University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Introduction One of the most common complications following total thyroidectomy is hypoparathyroidism [ 1 - 14 ] caused by devascularization or accidental resection of one or more of the parathyroid glands [ 15 ]. Hypoparathyroidism may be

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Luigino Dal Maso Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Aviano, Italy

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Daniela Pierannunzio National Centre for Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy

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Silvia Francisci National Centre for Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy

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Angela De Paoli Epidemiological Department, Azienda Zero, Padova, Italy

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Federica Toffolutti Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Aviano, Italy

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Salvatore Vaccarella Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France

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Silvia Franceschi Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Aviano, Italy

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Rossella Elisei Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Endocrinology, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

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Ugo Fedeli Epidemiological Department, Azienda Zero, Padova, Italy

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of the DEPTH Working Group
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Introduction Radioactive iodine (RAI) treatment may be used after total thyroidectomy (TT) for thyroid cancer for several purposes: remnant ablation to facilitate detection of recurrent disease, adjuvant treatment of subclinical residual tumor

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Lars Folkestad Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark

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Frans Brandt Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital of Southern Jutland, Sønderborg, Denmark

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Thomas Brix Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark

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Marianne Vogsen Department of Oncology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark

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Lars Bastholt Department of Oncology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark

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Peter Grupe Department of Nuclear Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark

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Jeanette  Krogh Petersen Department of Clinical Pathology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark

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Laszlo Hegedüs Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark

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patient had a total thyroidectomy, including removal of macro-pathologically suspected lymph nodes. Examination of resected specimens revealed a semi-lobulated mass measuring 40 × 20 × 25 mm (right lobe), 35 × 20 × 20 mm (left lobe), and an isthmus mass

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Chitra Choudhary Department of Endocrinology, Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, D.C., USA

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Leonard Wartofsky Department of Endocrinology, Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, D.C., USA

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Eshetu Tefera MedStar Health Research Institute, Washington, D.C., USA

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Kenneth D. Burman Department of Endocrinology, Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, D.C., USA

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Introduction Differentiated thyroid cancer patients are monitored for local or distant recurrence after total thyroidectomy. They typically undergo physical examination, serial measurement of serum thyroglobulin (Tg) levels, and serial

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Murat Faik Erdoğan Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Ankara University Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey

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Özgür Demir Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Ankara University Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey

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Reyhan Ünlü Ersoy Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Yıldırım Beyazıt University Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey

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Kamile Gül Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Yıldırım Beyazıt University Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey

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Berna İmge Aydoğan Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Ankara University Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey

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Ziynet Alphan Üç Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey

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Türkan Mete Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Ankara Numune Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey

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Sibel Ertek Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Ufuk University Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey

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Uğur Ünlütürk Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Ankara University Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey

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Bekir Çakır Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Yıldırım Beyazıt University Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey

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Yalçın Aral Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey

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Serdar Güler Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Ankara Numune Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey

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Sevim Güllü Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Ankara University Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey

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Demet Çorapçıoğlu Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Ankara University Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey

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Selçuk Dağdelen Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Hacettepe University Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey

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Gürbüz Erdoğan Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Ufuk University Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey

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nerve compression [ 4 ]. Based on the above pathogenic model, thyroid disease could be responsible for the occurrence of GO; therefore, reduction of thyroid tissue either by radioiodine or total thyroidectomy (TTx) might deplete autoreactive T

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Shakeel Kautbally Divisions of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium

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Orsalia Alexopoulou Divisions of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium

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Chantal Daumerie Divisions of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium

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François Jamar Divisions of Nuclear Medicine, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium

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Michel Mourad Divisions of Endocrine Surgery, St. Luc University Hospital, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium

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Dominique Maiter Divisions of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium

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second-line treatments, at least in Europe, in case of unsuccessful therapy with antithyroid drugs (ATD), disease relapse, or drug intolerance [ 1 ]. Surgery should consist of a near total thyroidectomy (TTx), which leads to a reduced risk of relapse, as

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Carolina C.P.S. Janovsky Thyroid Diseases Center and Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Endocrinology, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo
Thyroid Diseases Center, Instituto Israelita de Ensino e Pesquisa Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil

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Rui M.B. Maciel Thyroid Diseases Center and Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Endocrinology, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo
Thyroid Diseases Center, Instituto Israelita de Ensino e Pesquisa Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil

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Cleber P. Camacho Thyroid Diseases Center and Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Endocrinology, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo
Thyroid Diseases Center, Instituto Israelita de Ensino e Pesquisa Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil

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Rosalia P. Padovani Thyroid Diseases Center and Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Endocrinology, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo
Thyroid Diseases Center, Instituto Israelita de Ensino e Pesquisa Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil

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Claudia C. Nakabashi Thyroid Diseases Center and Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Endocrinology, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo
Thyroid Diseases Center, Instituto Israelita de Ensino e Pesquisa Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil

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Ji H. Yang Thyroid Diseases Center and Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Endocrinology, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo
Thyroid Diseases Center, Instituto Israelita de Ensino e Pesquisa Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil

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Eduardo Z. Malouf Thyroid Diseases Center and Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Endocrinology, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo
Thyroid Diseases Center, Instituto Israelita de Ensino e Pesquisa Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil

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Elza S. Ikejiri Thyroid Diseases Center and Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Endocrinology, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo
Thyroid Diseases Center, Instituto Israelita de Ensino e Pesquisa Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil

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M. Conceição O.C. Mamone Thyroid Diseases Center and Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Endocrinology, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo
Thyroid Diseases Center, Instituto Israelita de Ensino e Pesquisa Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil

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Jairo Wagner Thyroid Diseases Center, Instituto Israelita de Ensino e Pesquisa Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil

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Danielle M. Andreoni Thyroid Diseases Center and Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Endocrinology, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo
Thyroid Diseases Center, Instituto Israelita de Ensino e Pesquisa Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil

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Rosa Paula M. Biscolla Thyroid Diseases Center and Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Endocrinology, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo
Thyroid Diseases Center, Instituto Israelita de Ensino e Pesquisa Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil

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follow-up care [ 2 , 7 , 8 ]. The treatment of differentiated thyroid cancer usually consists of total thyroidectomy (TT) and radioiodine remnant ablation (RRA) [ 4 , 8 ]. The rationale for the use of RRA comprises: remnant ablation, to facilitate the

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Amanda La Greca Endocrinology Service, Department of Medicine, New York, N.Y., USA

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Bin Xu Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center and Weill-Cornell College of Medicine, New York, N.Y., USA

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Ronald Ghossein Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center and Weill-Cornell College of Medicine, New York, N.Y., USA

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R. Michael Tuttle Endocrinology Service, Department of Medicine, New York, N.Y., USA

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Mona M. Sabra Endocrinology Service, Department of Medicine, New York, N.Y., USA

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(includes more than 1 tumor focus sized ≥1 cm). Several studies have confirmed the risk of structural disease recurrence in multifocal papillary microcarcinoma treated with total thyroidectomy to be low, varying from 4 to 6% [ 4 , 5 , 6 ]. In similar

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Lara Gut Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University Department of Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland

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Selina Bernet Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University Department of Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland

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Monika Huembelin Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University Department of Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland

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Magdalena Mueller Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University Department of Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland

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Ciril Baechli Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University Department of Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland

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Daniel Koch Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University Department of Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland

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Christian Nebiker Department of Surgery, Cantonal Hospital of Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland

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Philipp Schuetz Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University Department of Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland

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Beat Mueller Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University Department of Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland

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Emanuel Christ Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland

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Fahim Ebrahimi Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
University Center for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, St. Clara Hospital and University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland

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Alexander Kutz Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University Department of Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland
Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland

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]. Various factors determine clinical outcomes after thyroidectomy, including experience of the performing surgeon, size and procedural volume of the hospital, and quality of perioperative management [ 4 , 11 - 19 ]. Due to the extent of surgery, total

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