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Hiroyuki Iwaki Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital, Hamamatsu, Japan

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Kenji Ohba Medical Education Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan

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Eisaku Okada Department of Community Health and Preventive Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan

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Takeshi Murakoshi Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal and Perinatal Care Center, Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital, Hamamatsu, Japan

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Yumiko Kashiwabara Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital, Hamamatsu, Japan

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Chiga Hayashi Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital, Hamamatsu, Japan

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Akio Matsushita Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan

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Shigekazu Sasaki Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan

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Takafumi Suda Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan

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Yutaka Oki Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Hamamatsu-Kita Hospital, Hamamatsu, Japan

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Rieko Gemma Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital, Hamamatsu, Japan

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platform [ 16 ], the reference ranges for umbilical cord serum in vaginal deliveries were determined as follows: TSH 2.64–27.32 mIU/L and FT4 10.56–16.01 pmol/L. Those in cesarean deliveries were as follows: TSH 2.32–11.85 mIU/L and FT4 10.95–16.41 pmol

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Maria Lopes-Pereira Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
ICVS/3B’s, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
Hospital de Braga, Braga, Portugal

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Anna Quialheiro Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
ICVS/3B’s, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal

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Patrício Costa Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
ICVS/3B’s, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal

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Susana Roque Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
ICVS/3B’s, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal

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Nadine Correia Santos Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
ICVS/3B’s, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
ACMP5 – Associação Centro de Medicina P5 (P5), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal

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Margarida Correia-Neves Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
ICVS/3B’s, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal

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Ana Goios Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
ICVS/3B’s, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal

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Ivone Carvalho Newborn Screening, Metabolism & Genetics Unit, National Institute of Health Dr Ricardo Jorge, Porto, Portugal

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Tim I M Korevaar Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands

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Laura Vilarinho Newborn Screening, Metabolism & Genetics Unit, National Institute of Health Dr Ricardo Jorge, Porto, Portugal

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Joana Almeida Palha Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
ICVS/3B’s, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
Clinical Academic Center-Braga (2CA-B), Braga, Portugal

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supplementation (since, in most cases, no information was available on the precise start time, iodine supplementation may have started any time during preconception, pregnancy or lactation), gestational age at birth, mode of delivery (caesarean section/vaginal

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Syed Mohd. Razi Department of Endocrinology, L.L.R.M. Medical College, Meerut

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Abhinav Kumar Gupta Department of Endocrinology, L.L.R.M. Medical College, Meerut

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Deepak Chand Gupta Department of Endocrinology, L.L.R.M. Medical College, Meerut

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Manish Gutch Department of Medicine, King George's Medical University, Lucknow

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Keshav Kumar Gupta Department of Endocrinology, L.L.R.M. Medical College, Meerut

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Syeda Iqra Usman Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India

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was born at 36 weeks of gestation out of a nonconsanguineous marriage. Delivery was vaginal with cephalic presentation. The patient had no pre- or postnatal complications, and development progressed normally until the age of 4 years. The patient

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Hongcheng Wei State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China

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Quanquan Guan State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China

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Qiurun Yu State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China

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Ting Chen Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Institute, Women’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China

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Xu Wang Department of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China

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Yankai Xia State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China

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Introduction Inappropriate cesarean delivery rates have posed a tremendous toll on maternal and neonatal health ( 1 ). China has made plenty of local, regional and national efforts to encourage vaginal delivery ( 2 , 3 ). Although cesarean

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Estefanía Rinaldini Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina

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Fiorella Campo Verde Arboccó Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina

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Marcelo Ezquer Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile

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Carlos Gamarra-Luques Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Instituto de Fisiología, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina

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María Belén Hapon Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina

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room. Gestational day (G) 1 of pregnancy was defined by the detection of spermatozoa in the vaginal smears the morning after caging with a fertile male the night of proestrus. Experiments were carried out using 6 groups of 6–8 rats: (i) euthyroid

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